1. Announcement New web page New web page www.colorado.edu/music/courses/em us1832004 www.colorado.edu/music/courses/em us1832004

2. Exam on February 25 Will cover Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque period Will cover Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque period Will also cover some basic musical terminology Will also cover some basic musical terminology Listening examples (refer to GUIDES not CD tracks): 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 21 Listening examples (refer to GUIDES not CD tracks): 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 21 Bring a #2 pencil Bring a #2 pencil

4. Lutheran Cantatas Liturgical music for Protestant (Lutheran) service Liturgical music for Protestant (Lutheran) service Bach wrote one every week during his first few years in Leipzig. Bach wrote one every week during his first few years in Leipzig. Bach’s works consist of several movements (5-8) Bach’s works consist of several movements (5-8) with arias, recitatives and choruses with arias, recitatives and choruses some based on a single tune that appears throughout the movements some based on a single tune that appears throughout the movements

5. Cantata: A Mighty Fortress Choral tune “A Mighty Fortress” … Choral tune “A Mighty Fortress” … Created in the time of the Reformation, by Martin Luther himself Created in the time of the Reformation, by Martin Luther himself hymn tune- in German rather than Latin hymn tune- in German rather than Latin originally sung monophonically- then in homophonic settings originally sung monophonically- then in homophonic settings permeates the entire cantata by Bach permeates the entire cantata by Bach

6. Cantata: A Mighty Fortress Last movement: Das wort, sie sollen (#8) Last movement: Das wort, sie sollen (#8) Straightforward, homophonic setting of the tune. Straightforward, homophonic setting of the tune. Bach harmonized the original tune in 4-parts Bach harmonized the original tune in 4-parts His son Wilhelm added the timpani and trumpets … for grandeur His son Wilhelm added the timpani and trumpets … for grandeur

7. Cantata: A Mighty Fortress First movement: chorale fugue First movement: chorale fugue Fugue: a type of imitation (very systematic and formal way of writing music) Fugue theme (called subject) is based on chorale tune

8. Cantata: A Mighty Fortress Second movement Second movement Duet for soprano and bass Also derived from chorale tune

10. George Frederic Handel Born in Germany Born in Germany Spent most of life in England Spent most of life in England Known for writing opera in Italian Known for writing opera in Italian Also known for ORATORIOS Also known for ORATORIOS

11. Oratorio Definition: a work for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra on a sacred subject (usually Old Testament stories) Definition: a work for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra on a sacred subject (usually Old Testament stories) Many of Handel’s were in English Many of Handel’s were in English Most famous: Messiah Most famous: Messiah Written for a charity concert in Dublin, Ireland

12. Handel’s Messiah written in 1742 written in 1742 Not a typical oratorio because it doesn’t tell a single story Not a typical oratorio because it doesn’t tell a single story in three parts, each articulating a part of Christian doctrine. in three parts, each articulating a part of Christian doctrine. Christmas- prophesy Easter- suffering and death, Resurrection Redemption

13. Messiah: first excerpt (skip the overture-start your listening at track 21) (skip the overture-start your listening at track 21) Chorus “glory to God” Chorus “glory to God” Preceded by recitative (first with basso continuo, then with orchestra) Examples of text painting in chorus?

14. Messiah: second excerpt “Rejoice greatly” “Rejoice greatly” Aria for soprano Aria for soprano Form ABA (with orchestra introduction) Form ABA (with orchestra introduction) Virtuoso singing Virtuoso singing Listen for which words are emphasized Listen for which words are emphasized (Emphasis on certain words is a way of interpreting the text)

15. Messiah: third excerpt Famous “Hallelujah!” Famous “Hallelujah!” Listen for the differences between homophonic texture and fugue Listen for the differences between homophonic texture and fugue Fugue is an older style used for serious subjects, a musical symbol of tradition (eg. ”he shall reign forever and ever”) Fugue is an older style used for serious subjects, a musical symbol of tradition (eg. ”he shall reign forever and ever”)

16. Antonio Vivaldi Spent much of his life in Venice, Italy Spent much of his life in Venice, Italy Taught at a high-class orphanage for girls Taught at a high-class orphanage for girls Girls were highly trained musically Wrote hundreds of CONCERTOS for them

17. Concerto Definition: work for soloist (or a group of soloists) and orchestra Definition: work for soloist (or a group of soloists) and orchestra Most of Vivaldi’s were written for his students to play Most of Vivaldi’s were written for his students to play Most of Vivaldi’s were for stringed instruments, but he also wrote concertos for unusual instruments like piccolo and mandolin Most of Vivaldi’s were for stringed instruments, but he also wrote concertos for unusual instruments like piccolo and mandolin

18. Concerto Famous example: The Four Seasons Famous example: The Four Seasons Group of concertos for violin Group of concertos for violin Intended to depict winter, spring, summer, and fall Intended to depict winter, spring, summer, and fall

19. Vivaldi, ‘Spring” From The Four Seasons From The Four Seasons Form: alternating orchestra part (called RITORNELLO) with soloist part (called EPISODE) Form: alternating orchestra part (called RITORNELLO) with soloist part (called EPISODE) Solo episodes depict scenes from spring: birds, brook, thunder Solo episodes depict scenes from spring: birds, brook, thunder