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Published byScarlett Wheeler Modified over 9 years ago
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NC Essential Standard 7.E.1.1: Compare the composition, properties and structure of Earth’s atmosphere to include mixtures of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers.
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= a measure of how fast the atoms in a material are vibrating. High temperature particles vibrate faster than low temperature particles. Rapidly vibrating atoms smash together and generate HEAT.
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As a material cools down, the atoms vibrate more slowly and collide less (lower temperature)… giving off less heat. Temperature measures how fast atoms are vibrating Heat measures the material’s total energy
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Is transferred between physical entities.
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Energy that is released or absorbed when an object changes states (ex: gas liquid).
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All of the energy that is released or absorbed goes toward changing the material’s state.
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Boiling water is 100° C (212° F). If you increase the temperature of the burner, more heat (energy) enters the water. The water remains at boiling temperature, but the additional energy changes the water from liquid to gas. Evaporation!!
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= The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of the material by 1° C. Different materials have different specific heats.
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Which is hotter in the summer, the parking lot or the puddle? Which has a higher specific heat? Answer: The parking lot.
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Answer: The parking lot gets hotter. Water has a very high specific heat, which means that it takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water…so it stays cooler longer.
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Conduction Convection Radiation
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The transfer of energy between two objects by electromagnetic waves. Example: Heat radiates from the ground into the lower atmosphere.
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Heat moves from areas of more heat to areas of less heat by direct contact. Warmer molecules vibrate rapidly and collide with other nearby molecules, transferring energy.
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- Air is a poor conductor of heat energy but a good insulator. In the picture below, which object is a good conductor? Which is a good insulator?
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- Transfers heat upward to where the molecules are spread further apart. - Transfers heat from a warmer to a cooler spot, where molecules are moving less quickly. - More effective at lower altitudes where air density is higher.
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= Heat is transferred by movement of heated materials. Example: Heat that radiates from the ground initiates convection cells in the atmosphere.
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The flame from a candle vs. a bathtub of warm water…which has the higher temperature and which gives off more heat?
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The flame has higher temperature, but less heat because the area is very small. The bathtub has lower temperature, but more heat because it has many more vibrating atoms.
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