1. The Skeletal System: A Closer Look

2. Type of Bone
Example
Function in Sport
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Femur, Humerus
Movement - to generate strength and speed
Carpals, tarsal
Shock absorption - spreading load
Cranium: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital , Temporal
Protection of vital organs, attachment of muscles to help movement
Vertebrae
Provide shape, protection
Patella
Provide protection

3. Bone Cells Osteocytes: bone cells Osteoblasts: bone-building cells
Osteoclasts: bone-destroying cell

4. http://www. iofbonehealth

5. Growth & Formation of Bones
Ossification – bone formation
Compact bone (begin as cartilage)
Osteoblasts discharge osteoid into which minerals are deposited to form hardened material recognized as bone
Cancellous bone (begin as fibrous membranes)
Osteoblasts release osteoid into membrane which forms a sponge-like bundle of fibre
Cancellous bone formation outward from these centres in the membrane

7. Bone Remodelling Bones cannot grow by cell division
Most active during childhood
Process (cycle):
Bone resorbing – remove old bone by releasing acids and enzymes
Protein secreting – deposit new tissue
OSTEOCLAST
OSTEOBLAST

9. Effect of Aging Affects overall calcium levels in the body
Gradual decline after 35
As age increases, resorption > reformation
Affects overall calcium levels in the body
Osteoporosis (low bone mass and deterioration of the bone tissue) may result from resorption
Leads to bone fragility
Increased susceptibility to bone fractures

11. How Do We Grow? Epiphyseal plates (growth plates)
Occur at various locations at the epiphyses of long bones
Growth possible
Epiphyseal lines
Occur when epiphyseal plates have fused or come together
Growth not possible
Epiphyseal line
Epiphyseal plate

14. Types of Fractures Stress fracture – most difficult to detect
Simple fracture – no separation (hairline fracture)
Compound fracture – bone breaks into separate pieces
Comminuted fracture – bone shatters into many pieces
Simple fracture
Compound fracture
Comminuted fracture

15. Prevention
Question: What is a preventative measure that you can take to prevent osteoporosis? Please post on FORUM Research about unique innovative ways of maintaining bone health (i.e. Certain diets, specific weight bearing exercises, etc)