1. Ch. 18 - Acids & Bases

2.  electrolytes  electrolytes  turn litmus red  sour taste  react with metals to form H 2 gas  slippery feel  turn litmus blue  bitter taste ChemASAP  vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits  ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

3.  Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl – AcidsAcids form hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) H HHHH H Cl OO – + acid

4.  Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… BasesBases form hydroxide ions (OH - ) NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH - H H H H H H N NO O – + H H H H base

5.  Strong Acid/Base  100% ionized in water  strong electrolyte - + HCl HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HBr HI HClO 4 NaOH KOH Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2

6.  Weak Acid/Base does not ionize completely weak electrolyte - + HF CH 3 COOH H 3 PO 4 H 2 CO 3 HCN NH 3