1. Methamphetamine Use Among Offenders Association for Criminal Justice Research (CA) March 17, 2005 Jerry Cartier / David Farabee / Michael Prendergast University of California, Los Angeles Integrated Substance Abuse Programs

2. UCLA-ISAP National Prevalence Drug Use Among Male Arrestees (ADAM, 2002) (National Medians) Any Drug: 63.9% Marijuana: 40.5% Crack/Powder Cocaine: 30.4% Heroin: 5.9% Methamphetamine: 5.3%

3. UCLA-ISAP Cities Reporting >20% Arrestees Using Methamphetamine (Hawaii)

4. UCLA-ISAP UCLA’s Evaluation of California’s Prison Treatment Initiative Initial Assessment (IA) Form 1998-2004 19 prison-based programs N=25,297

5. UCLA-ISAP Primary Substance Reported by California Inmates (N=22,903) 6 11.5 15 17.4 21.5 28.8 F = 13.0% CA = 6.5% F = 23.2% CA = 46.2%

6. UCLA-ISAP Profiles of Methamphetamine Users vs. Other Inmates

7. UCLA-ISAP Profiles of Methamphetamine Users vs. Other Inmates VARIABLE MA Users (n=6,929) Non-MA Users (n=18,496) Total (N=25,425) AGE34.136.6*35.9 MALE60.450.9*53.5 RACE -African-Amer.5.838.4*29.4 -White66.223.3*35.0 -Hispanic19.320.920.5 EMPLOYED44.838.8*40.4 TX VOLUNTEER56.740.9*45.2

8. Risk Behaviors Associated with Methamphetamine Use HIV Crime & Violence

9. HIV

10. UCLA-ISAP Injection-Related HIV Risk Injected in the Past 6 Months: –MA Users: 37.1% –Non-MA Users: 11.1% Of the MA IDUs: –24% used “dirty” syringes –30% shared cookers, rinse water, etc.

11. UCLA-ISAP Sex-Related HIV Risk (Odd Ratios of MA Users vs. Non-MA Users)

12. UCLA-ISAP Sex-Related HIV Risk (Odd Ratios of MA Users vs. Non-MA Users) 1.5 2.5 4.8

13. Crime & Violence

14. UCLA-ISAP Economic-Compulsive Intentional crime that results from drug users engaging in an economically oriented crime to support their own addiction. Routes of Influence (Source: Goldstein (1985). Journal of Drug Issues, 15, 493-506 ) Pharmacological Crimes that occur as a result of the excitability, paranoia, or poor impulse control associated with use of certain drugs. Systemic Crimes associated with drug manufacturing and distribution.

15. UCLA-ISAP Methamphetamine Use and Violence Studies testing co- occurrence and/or causation About 50% of MA report engaging in violence A quarter to two- thirds attributed violence to MA use

16. UCLA-ISAP Returned to Custody for Any Reason (Odd Ratios of MA Users vs. Non-MA Users) MA users were about 30% more likely to recidivate than Non- MA users. This effect held even after controlling for involvement in drug trade.

17. UCLA-ISAP Returned to Custody for Violent Crime (Odd Ratios of MA Users vs. Non-MA Users) MA users were about as likely to recidivate as Non-MA users for a violent crime. However, MA use was associated with days of self-reported violent acts.

18. UCLA-ISAP Self-Reported Violence (MA Users vs. Non-MA Users, Past 30 Days) MA users were over three times as likely to report the commission of violent acts (e.g., assault, domestic violence, armed robbery, mugging, etc.).

19. UCLA-ISAP Summary MA use is most prevalent in Western states, but expanding into the Midwest. Among substance-abusing inmates in California, MA is the most commonly cited primary drug. MA-using offenders are more likely than other drug users to be IDUs, but no more likely than other IDUs to share works. (Hawaii)

20. UCLA-ISAP Summary (cont.) MA use is associated with a 2-5 fold increase in sex- related HIV risk. A quarter to two-thirds of MA users attribute violent acts to MA use. The association between MA use, crime, and violence does not appear to be an artifact of drug trade involvement.

21. UCLA-ISAP Summary (cont.) MA users were nearly three times more likely to report violent acts than non-MA users

22. UCLA-ISAP Summary (cont.) MA users about 30% more likely to recidivate (12-months) than Non- MA users. Effect held after controlling for involvement in drug trade.

23. End