1. 1950’s - The Civil Rights Movement

2. Objectives 1. Discuss how the Bill of Rights apply to you and to your family. 2. View Ruby Bridges and list pros and cons of integration. 3. Analyze Steps Towards African- American Civil Rights.

3. Which Amendment?  President Obama has decided that the people in the U.S. are giving him too much trouble. So he wants to get rid of their freedom of speech. Congress has agreed. Can this be done?

4. Which Amendment?  Jorge has gone to court for attempting to torture Mr. E. He gets a lawyer, but the judge was so angry that as soon as Jorge stepped into the court he found him guilty? Can this be done?

5. Which Amendment?  Mirydiana and Mireyka have been keeping something secret in their locker. Many students have been suspicious of their activities. They have called the cops. The cops open Miry’s and Mireyka locker without letting them know. Can this be done?

6. The Civil Rights Movement - 1950’s  The Era of Jim Crow continued.  Even though Amendments were passed, Separate but Equal laws were still used throughout the South.  Unfortunately, things were Separate, but NOT equal.

7.  These Laws separated bathrooms, drinking fountains, lunch counters, Coca-Cola machines, Schools, waiting rooms, hospitals, buses, movie theatres, libraries. The Civil Rights Movement - 1950’s

8.  First we had Brown vs. Board of Education.  On December 1st, 1955 Rosa Parks unwillingly continued to help the desegregation movement by refusing to sit on the back of the bus.  She was tired and did not want to get up; she was arrested Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s

9.  In Montgomery, Alabama - Martin Luther King, Jr. helped to organize a peaceful boycott of buses because of what had happened to Rosa Parks.  African-Americans decided to walk instead of taking the bus.  Buses ran without passengers and the bus companies were losing money. Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s

10.  The buses ran empty for 381 days. On November 13th 1956. The Supreme Court ordered the Desegregation of buses in the South.  Martin Luther King, Jr. won his first victory and African Americans felt empowered.  Others decided to join the Civil Rights Movement. Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s

11.  Brown vs. Board of Education ordered states to desegregate schools.  Not all Southern School desegregated.  Many Governors refused!  Who had the power? Did the states or the Federal Government? Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s

12.  Reminder the Supreme Court decides if a law is legal.  The Congress makes the laws.  The President enforces the Law.  President Eisenhower must enforce the decision of Brown vs. Board of Education. Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s

13.  In Little Rock, Arkansas, nine African-American high school students wanted to integrate to the all white Central High School.  Ernest Greene, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Terrence Roberts, Carlotta Lanier, Minnijean Brown, Gloria Kalmark, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Beals. Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s The racist Governor of Arkansas refused and sent in National Guard troops to block the Arkansas nine from entering.

14.  President Eisenhower responded by sending in the U.S. military.  Very few times that American Troops sent against its own people.  Troops were there to protect the Nine.  He also Federalized the National Guard.  Southerners were angry, but they couldn’t do anything about it. Steps Towards Civil Rights - 1950’s