1. GENETIC ENGINEERING

3. NUCLEOID DNA the main DNA of an organism found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotes – unprotected Eukaryotes – protected PLASMID DNA Circular strands of “extra” DNA Found mostly in prokaryotic cells Easily transferred genetic material from one cell to another

5. Segment of DNA in the promoter region of a gene that controls the expression of the gene binds to promoters, repressors, etc. ex: lac operon Lactase in an enzyme used by bacteria (and young humans) to digest lactose a respressor is normally attached to the lac gene until lactose is detected Lactose

7. controls the formation of an organism’s anatomy ex: Hox genes control organization and location a branch of Master Genes – that determine which genes to express used in cell differentiation

8. Genetically Modified Organism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ecT2CaL7NA

9. inserting foreign DNA into an organism’s genome “cutting & pasting DNA” foreign DNA inserted into another organism’s genome

10. endonuclease used to splice (cut) DNA at specific fragments found in bacteria as a protection against virus DNA “DNA glue” joins the sticky ends of the original DNA and the recombinant DNA to form a complete strand

11. Recombinant DNA has been used to create large quantities of human proteins in bacteria ex: insulin, human growth hormone

13. Bioluminescent genes were first used as “markers” to test if recombinant gene expression was successful