1. Tools for Framing: Metaphor, Jargon, Contrast, Spin, and Stories Note Table 5.1 on p. 101
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

2. 5 Tools To Use To Build Memorable Framing
Metaphors
Jargon
Contrasts
Spin
Stories
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

3. 5 Tools To Use To Build Memorable Framing
Metaphors = describe likenesses to something else to aid understanding
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

4. 5 Tools To Use To Build Memorable Framing
Jargon = assist understanding in familiar terms
= common expressions from everyday language that are summary statements that suggest a general frame
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

5. 5 Tools To Use To Build Memorable Framing
Contrasts = illuminate in terms of opposites or alternatives
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

6. 5 Tools To Use To Build Memorable Framing
Spin = casts a positive or negative light
= reveals strengths (positive spin) and weaknesses (negative spin)
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

7. 5 Tools To Use To Build Memorable Framing
Stories = concrete examples to make more real, through implicit assumptions that guide decision-making and action
= help build rapport between speaker and listener
= can be used to teach
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

8. When does influence become manipulation when using metaphors?
Question
When does influence become manipulation when using metaphors?
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

9. Influence versus Manipulation when using metaphors
It’s a judgment call (when influence becomes manipulation) that rests on your personal values
Implied relationships (between your language and behaviors, AND the expectations of others) must be carefully considered when you use metaphors
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

10. Uncovering Complex Metaphors
Have many implied aspects that can form “an intricate organization of parallel elements” (p. 121)
Question:
What does this mean?
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

11. Understanding the Usefulness Complex Metaphors
Answer –
They allow you to influence others on an unconscious level
If you tie the implied meaning(s) of the metaphor(s) with others’ expected meanings
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

12. The skill of finding them is to learn through trial and error.
Complex Metaphors
The skill of finding them is to learn through trial and error.
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

13. Metaphors are essential to your ability to think and describe
The power of metaphors is that they help us with our framing strategies.
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

14. What does that statement mean and why?
Jargon & Vision
Top of Page 109 –
What does that statement mean and why?
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

15. Stories What role does a story serve in leadership?
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

16. The role that a story serves in leadership is…
It is a central theme
whose meaning, using several language forms (such as jargon, metaphors, contrast, etc.),
is established through an example.
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

17. Mastery of Framing Tools
Question:
Why is it (mastery) advantageous?
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham

18. Mastery of Framing Tools
“CHOOSING language to frame people’s actions, events is like moving a telescope into position.” (p.125)
Dr. Joanne E. Nottingham