1. The Holy Roman Empire & the Church

2. The Holy Roman Empire W. Europe unified under Charlemagne, but dissolved into multiple kingdoms after death (814). 962, the Pope crowns a German king emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Secular and Religious powers partnered Emperor struggles to control his vassals

3. The Feud between Pope and Emperor Lay investiture: most significant conflict btw church and state. Gave right to Pope to appoint bishops and abbots. Concordat of Worms: declared the Pope had the sole authority to appoint bishops and abbots

4. Struggle for Italy 1100’s -1200’s German Holy Roman emperor Frederick I & II began a failed campaign to control northern Italy. German nobles grew more independent as a result. Germany would not become a nation-state for another 600 years.

5. Church Power Reaches it’s Height 1200, Church reached the peak of its political power. Authority to remove kings and emperors. Albigensian Genocide: a a French Christian sect annihilated for beliefs. By 1300, the Pope’s power begins to decline with challenges from French and English kings. The Pope stands between God and man lower than God but higher than men, who judges all and is judged by no one.” – Pope Innocent III

6. Assignment/HW Cornell Notes pages 65 -68. Checkpoint questions (restate question and answer in complete sentences. Highlight with a box. Terms, People, and Places: identified in blue, define and note significance.

7. Day 2: continued In Class: in pairs, you and a partner will use your class work to answer Assessment question 2, 3, 4, 5. Restate the question in your answer. For discussion. A. How do you feel about the legacy of the Catholic Church and Popes? Are they relevant today? B. Who do you believe should have the most authority today secular or religious leaders? Why? C. Which is the highest authority? God's or Man's law?