1. Parameter estimation of forest carbon dynamics using Kalman Filter methods –Preliminary results Chao Gao, 1 Han Wang, 2 S Lakshmivarahan, 3 Ensheng Weng, 1 Yanfen Zhang, 4 and Yiqi Luo 1 1 Department of Botany and Microbiology, 2 Department of Electric Engineering, 3 Department of Computer Science, 4 Department of Petroleum, University of Oklahoma Email address: chaogao@ou.edu  Kalman Filter (KF) is a sequential data assimilation technique, first used in weather forecasting and currently widely used in other disciplines (e.g., Hydrology and Petroleum).  Estimates of carbon (C) transfer coefficients is critical to the understanding of carbon turnover time and ecosystem C sequestration.  However, in the previous study, number of parameters that can be constrained is limited and the efficiency is relatively low (e.g., MCMC).  In this study, Kalman Filter approaches (Linear, Nonlinear, and Ensemble) were applied to a terrestrial ecosystem C dynamic model for optimal estimation of parameters at each step (daily) during a 9- year period in Duke forest FACE site. Introduction Method 1. Create initial ensemble 2. Propagate the state vector and its covariance matrix forward in time 3. Update the state vector and its covariance matrix using the new data Implementation of EnKF State vector Results Discussion No M noiseReal case Estimation using EnKF C=[1.946×10 -3 2.734×10 -3 2.303×10 -4 1.383×10 -2 9.475×10 -5 4.992×10 -3 1.572×10 -4 8.0985×10 -6 ] Given C=[2.106×10 -3 2.515×10 -3 1.269×10 -4 1.438×10 -2 8.952×10 -5 5.073×10 -3 1.670×10 -4 8.905×10 -6 ] 1.38% Conclusion 1) Reliability of the model Using the simulated results from a given set of parameters as input in the Kalman Filter model, the estimated parameters were very close to the given ones. 2) Comparison of observations with simulation results 3) Comparison of results from different kinds of KF 1) Estimated results using EnKF The last step parameter value 2) High-precision measurements will reduce quantity of observations needed for parameter constraint Test model: The simulated results were used as the observed values for inverse analysis. 1) EnKF, which is another widely used data assimilation technique, is efficient to estimate parameters in forest ecosystem C dynamics. 2) High-precision measurements provide strong constraints for parameter estimations with a reduced number of observations needed. 3) Recovery rates of parameter estimates are very high when we used model output as virtual data in parameter estimation. Soil respiration, Plant biomass, Litterfall, Micro biomass, Soil carbon, Forest floor carbon, Wood biomass, Foliage and Root (together). Acknowledgement Model struture Data source Fig. 5 Recovery test estimation Fig. 6 Estimates of transfer coefficients using simulation results (a) and observed data (b). Fig. 3 Comparison between observed and modeled data Fig. 2 Estimates of eight transfer coefficients with each time step Fig.1 Schematic diagram of eight carbon pool model Fig. 4 Estimated results using linear KF (a), nonlinear KF (b), and EnKF (c). We thank US DOE (DE-FG03-99R62800) for financial support difference — scaling function, AC — transfer efficient, X — carbon pool, BU — photosynthesis input a. c. b. a.b. C=[2.106×10 -3 2.515×10 -3 1.269×10 -4 1.438×10 -2 8.952×10 -5 5.073×10 -3 1.670×10 -4 8.905×10 -6 ] — observations simulation