1. No Blur in the Image Sensor Consistent light

2. Motion Blur in the Image Sensor Inconsistent light

3. Camera shake blur in the Image Sensor Inconsistent light

4. Camera Shake Three (3) Degrees of Freedom: Rotational shake Lateral Shake Longitudinal Shake

5. Image Frame As camera shakes/rotates, the image frame that it covers (“field of view”) shifts Capturing inconsistent image yields blur

6. Image Frame If the camera shakes less, the image changes less More consistent image yields less blur

7. Wider angle of view means same physical rotation/shake alters field of view less This more consistent image yields less blur

8. Large shake Narrow angle Small shake Narrow angle Large shake Wide angle

9. How much blur? θ = angle of view Φ = angle of rotation (shake) 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount

10. How much blur? θ = angle of view Δx = camera displacement 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount r = subject distance

11. How much blur? θ = angle of view Δz = camera displacement 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount r = subject distance

12. Rotational shakeLateral shakeLongitudinal shake

13. Shutter speed rule Focal length (mm)

14. Shake reduction techniques Tripod! Image stabilization (IS, VR, VC, OS, etc.) Shutter release Delay shutter Second shot Breathing method Holding technique Multi shot Wider angle Improvised tripods

15. Blur in the Image Sensor Camera shake

16. Sensor-shift stabilization Shifts sensor against camera movements Return