2. Industrial Revolution I.Negative Changes A. Child labor B. Unsafe Working conditions C. Overpopulated cities (from thousands to millions.) 1. Unsanitary living conditions a. Disease b. Rats, filth c. Poor living conditions d. People living in slums

3. D. Environment 1. Depleting natural resources 1. Depleting natural resources 2. Polluting water supply 2. Polluting water supply E. Growing gap between the rich and the poor

4. II. Positive Changes A. Labor laws A. Labor laws 1. Limiting working hours, age and safety 1. Limiting working hours, age and safety B. Collective Bargaining B. Collective Bargaining 1. Labor unions 1. Labor unions a. Striking for improvements a. Striking for improvements b. Better working conditions b. Better working conditions c. Better pay c. Better pay C. Growing Middle class C. Growing Middle class 1. New wealth, better standard of living 1. New wealth, better standard of living D. New Tax Revenue D. New Tax Revenue 1. Public education 1. Public education 2. Improved infrastructure (police, sanitation, etc.) 2. Improved infrastructure (police, sanitation, etc.)

5. Positives:  Adam Smith- laissez faire  Privately owned business.  Entrepreneurs are rewarded for their risks.  Goods are improved, competition breeds better products at lower costs.  Anyone can become rich! Negatives: Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest used for society. Wealth of one built on the backs of many. Gap between the rich and poor grows wider.

6. Socialism- the means of production (land, capital, raw materials and factories) should be owned and controlled by society. “Workingmen of all countries, unite.” Communism- Karl Marx: Believed there is a constant struggle between the “haves” and the “have-nots.” “Workingmen of all countries, unite.” Workers (proletariat) were the productive class. He wanted the people to own everything, no private property, no classes. The idea is that “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.” Wrote book, Communist Manifesto

7. III. Capitalism vs. Socialism A. Adam Smith- Laissez Faire, Capitalism A. Adam Smith- Laissez Faire, Capitalism B. Karl Marx- Communism, Socialism B. Karl Marx- Communism, Socialism 1. Constant struggle between rich and poor. 1. Constant struggle between rich and poor. 2. “Haves” Bourgeosie and “Have Nots” Proletariat 2. “Haves” Bourgeosie and “Have Nots” Proletariat 3. “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. “Workingmen of all countries, unite.” 3. “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. “Workingmen of all countries, unite.”