1. Distillers Grains Use in Dairy Cattle Operations and Effect on production and Milk Characterics: What Does the Research Say?
Ethanol Co-Product Storage and Utilization In Grazing Systems
UNL Ag Research and Development Center
Mead, NE
June 3, 2009

2. US Cow Population
Milk/cow

4. Issues:
Corn Milling co-products
- Low levels of LYS
- High levels of 18:2
- Low levels of starch

5. Research Objectives Understand Nutrient Utilization
Understand Feed Chemical Composition
Milk Yield
Rumen Microbe
Animal
Understand Effects of Production

6. Chemical Composition

7. Mobile Bag Technique: RUP and dRUP (Kononoff et al., 2007)
Protein

8. Ruminal and Intestinal Protein Digestibility
Feedstuff
%DM
%CP
RUP
(%CP)
dRUP
TT CP
Digest. (%CP)
Corn Bran
90.7
13.5
20.7
65.8
93.1
Corn Germ
91.0
16.3
16.5
66.8
94.5
WCGF
55.9
26.7
11.5
51.1
94.4
DDGS
86.9
28.9
56.3
91.9
95.4
WDGS
45.6
29.9
44.7
96.9
HP-DDGS
94.7
47.2
55.2
97.7
98.7
SBM1
89.1
49.9
24.3
93.0
N/A
Bloodmeal1
90.2
95.5
70.9
80.0
1Kelzer et al., 2007

9. AA Conc. in the RUP
[ ] (% CP)
1Kelzer et al., 2007

10. NDF and rumen fermentation
Rate, %/h
NDF Digestion (24 h)
NDF Digestion (48 h)
Bran
6.2
79.8
86.6
Germ
7.6
83.1
89.6
HP-DDGS
12.0
70.6
84.8
DDGS
6.8
75.6
86.3
Tedeschi et al. (2008)

11. Rumen Biohydrogenation
Bamguard et al., 2000

12. Lipid Fractions of Co-products
1Kelzer et al., 2007

13. Milk Production and Co-Products

14. WCGF and 305 d Milk Yield Objective:
To determine the effects of feeding WCGF during lactation (and the dry period).
Experimental Units:
36 Primiparous Holstein Cows
40 Multiparous Holstein Cows

15. Diets Control (%DM) WCGF (%DM) Alfalfa Haylage 17.8 10.4 Alfalfa Hay
12.0
8.5
Corn Silage
29.8
18.9
Soypass
1.7
Corn, ground
20.3
12.5
SBM, 48% CP
6.0
0.45
Cottonseed
8.7
5.1
Blood Meal
0.6
0.5
Tallow
0.7
Urea
0.08
WCGF
0.0
38.0
Mineral/Vit Mix
2.4
2.9

16. ○ WCGF-L
● WCGF-DL
▲ Control

17. Effect of diet on milk production over 43 weeks of lactation.
Treatment
P-Value
Control
WCGF-L1
WCGF-DL2
SEM
DIET
PARITY
T*P3
DMI, pd/d
46.6b
55.9a
52.4a
0.8
< 0.01 NS
Milk, pd/d
68.4b
77.0a
76.3a
4.6
0.03
3.5 % FCM
76.3b
85.6a
79.9ab
4.2
0.10
0.04
Milk/DMI, pd/pd
1.50
1.43
1.55
0.09

18. Effect of diet on test day milk composition over 43 weeks of lactation.
Treatment
P-Value
Control
WCGF-L1
WCGF-DL2
SEM
DIET
PARITY
T*P3
Fat,
Percent
4.15a
3.94ab
3.74b
0.08
< 0.01 NS
Yield, pd/d
2.86
3.15
0.15
Protein,
3.19
3.17
3.16
0.04
2.4b
2.53a
2.42ab
0.13
0.03

19. Body condition score means for the respective treatments over the entire lactation were 3.33, 3.36, 3.34 (SE 0.04, P = 0.84).

20. The Effect of Feeding Increasing Levels of Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles to Dairy Cows
4 Dietary Treatments
Control, no Dried Distillers Grains
10% diet DM
20% diet DM
30% diet DM
Four 28d periods
20 cows
DIM
Janicek et al., 2008

21. Experimental Diets Control, 0% 30% DDGS Corn Silage 30.05 23.95
Alfalfa Haylage
10.88
9.34
Alfalfa Hay
9.44
Soybean Meal
4.77
Soybean Hulls
10.36
Cottonseed
6.61
DDGS
30.0
Ground Corn
16.28
12.10
Soy Pass
5.60
1.14
Urea
0.26
Tallow
1.04
0.92
Bloodmeal
0.68
Vit/Min premix
2.6
2.01

22. Chemical Composition Control, 0% 30% DDGS DM, % 57.79 61.72
NEL, (Mcal/lb)
0.78
CP, % DM
18.7
18.9
Fat, % DM
4.3
5.17
NDF, %DM
33.7
34.7
P, % DM
0.40
0.42
RUP, % CP
39.8
47.9
Janicek et al., 2008

23. Results - DMI
pds/d
Linear effect; P = 0.03

24. Results – Milk Production
Linear effect; P = 0.08
Janicek et al., 2008

25. Fat and Protein Yield, kg/d
Janicek et al., 2008

26. DDGS and milk CLA 0% DDGS 10% DDGS 20% DDGS 30% DDGS SEM P-Value Milk
3.70
3.64
3.73
3.55
0.15
0.31
C18:0
15.5
15.1
15.0
14.6
0.44
0.10
C18:1, c9
2.02
2.22
3.19
3.31
0.22
< 0.01
C18:1 t9
24.0
24.6
24.8
0.66
0.33
CLA c9, t11
0.34
0.55
0.80
0.98
0.06
<0.01
C18:2
2.96
3.82
4.78
5.59
0.21
Janicek et al., 2008

27. Dairy Rations that Maximize the Inclusion of Corn Milling Co-Products
Objective:
To determine nutritional strategies that support maximal inclusion of corn milling co-products in dairy rations.
Experimental Design:
5X5 Latin square
40 cows fed 5 diets during 4 periods
Experimental Measures:
Daily Feed Intake
Milk Production
Nutrient Digestibility

28. Modified WDGS
DM = 45.6
NDF = 30.8
CP = 30.2
Fat = 13.5
Wet Corn Gluten Feed
DM = 55.9
NDF = 36.9
CP = 23.1
Fat = 5.1

29. Control
MWDGS
WCGF
15% Blend
30% Blend
Modified DGS
---
15.0
7.5
Corn silage
28.0
25.5
23.0
24.3
24.0
Alfalfa haylage
9.8
9.0
8.0
8.5
3.5
Alfalfa hay
8.9
Brome hay
3.0
6.0
Ground corn
17.5
13.5
14.5
14.0
9.5
SBM
5.5
4.5
3.2
Soy Pass
4.0
4.3
Cottonseed
Soybean hulls
10.0
10.2
10.1
Tallow
1.0
0.5
Urea
0.24
Vitamins and minerals
2.1
2.0
2.8

30. Control
MWDGS
WCGF
15% Blend
30% Blend CP
18.5
18.7
18.6
RUP, %CP
39.2
43.0
37.8
40.4
41.8
NDF
35.0
36.6
35.8
37.0
Starch
23.7
20.4
21.6
21.0
18.8 EE
4.0
5.8
4.9
5.6

31. Dry Matter Intake (pds/d)
Observed Difference: P < 0.05
Gehman and Kononoff (2007)

32. Milk Production (pds/d)
Observed Difference: P < 0.05
Gehman and Kononoff (2007)

33. Digestibility, % Observed Difference: P < 0.05
Gehman and Kononoff (2007)

34. Purine Metabolism Dietary Nucleic Acids Degraded Degraded
Microbial Nucleic Acids PD
Liver
Duodenum
Rumen
Excreted in urine
Crawford et al., 2005

35. Purine Derivatives, mmol/d
Observed Difference: P = 0.04
Gehman and Kononoff (2007)

36. All generalizations are false, including this one.
Mark Twain

37. New Dry Milling Process
Bran
Endosperm and Gluten
Germ
Corn
Fermentation
Still
Stillage
Coarse Grains
Distillers Grains
High Protein Dried Distillers Grains
Solubles/Syrup
Ethanol
Grind, Wet, Cook,
Yeasts and Enzymes

38. Control and Treatment Diets
Treatments
Ingredients (%DM)
Control
HPDDGS
Corn Silage
Alfalfa Haylage
31.4
15.6
28.2
14.1
Corn Grain
13.7
Brome Hay
12.3
12.2
Soybean Meal
9.66
---
Soybean Hulls
9.03
9.01
Bypass Soy
5.64
Vitamins and Minerals
2.39
2.59
20.0
Chemical Composition
CP, % DM
18.5
18.6
NDF, % DM
37.3
38.9
Ether Extract, % DM
3.4
3.80
  Lys:Met
3.41:1
1.96:1

39. Results Milk production and composition Control HPDDG SEM P-Value
Intake, lbs/d
50.2
47.1
1.64
0.06
Milk, lbs/d
70.2
74.2
4.68
0.02
Fat, %
3.85
4.08
0.19
0.12
Protein, %
3.05
3.02
0.08
0.47
Fat, lbs/d
2.67
0.18
0.01
Protein lbs/d
2.11
2.22
0.11
MUN, mg/dL
112.8
14.6
0.66
< 0.01
FC1
1.47
1.73
0.09
1Feed Conversion = 3.5% FCM/DMI

40. Dairy rations and co-products
Co-products may be included and rumen biohydrogenation may not affect milk fat yield
Co-products are low in LYS but high levels may not affect milk protein
Energy contribution from starch may be replaced with fat, fermentable fiber

41. CHO Composition and Bacterial Growth
Ingredient
High NSC
High SC
Alfalfa
39.3
36.1
Barley
38.6 .
Corn
20.0
SBM
9.7
8.2
Brewers Grain
12.6
Beet Pulp
20.7
Molasses
Blood Meal
0.8
Min/Vit
2.5
2.4
NDF
26.1
34.1
aNDF1
22.0
29.2
NFC (STA)2
47.8 (26.7)
40.3 (17.7)
1 aNDF = available NDF = NDF – (lignin X 2.4)
2 NFC= 100-CP-(NDF-NDIN)-Ash-EE, STA =Starch
Hristov and Ropp (2003)

42. CPM vs Observed Microbial Protein Flow (g/d)
CPM Difference:
2233g/d – 1985 g/d = 248g/d
Observed Difference (not statistically different):
2125 g/d – 2006 g/d = 119 g/d
Hristov and Ropp (2003)

43. Acknowledgments Nebraska Corn Board Cargill Corn Milling
Poet Nutrition
ADM
UNL Dairy Research Unit
Undergraduate Students
Anna Geis
Christina Heine
Kristina Hubbard
UNL Dairy Nutrition Graduate Students
Amanda Gehman (PhD candidate)
Brandy Janicek (MS)
Jolene Kelzner (MS)
Kim Mahacheck (MAg candidate)
Ezequias Lopez (MS Candidate)
Hugo Rameriz (MS Candidate)

44. Thank-you