1. Organic Molecules Carbon is the Main Ingredient in Organic Molecules

2. Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen Functional groups are groups of atoms within a molecule that interact in predictable ways with other molecules

3. Organic Compounds Contain carbon Found in living things Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

4. Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1) -ose suffix Source of energy for cells Provides structural framework for plant cells Monosaccharides –monomer –Immediate energy –Glucose, Fructose

5. Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Disaccharides –Must be broken down to utilize energy –Sucrose (table sugar), maltose Sucralose

6. Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Polysaccharides –Polymer –Must be broken down to utilize energy –Starch, Cellulose (fiber), Glycogen (animals)

7. Diseases and Disorders Related to Carbohydrates Lactose Intolerance Gluten Intolerance Diabetes

8. Lipids Hydrophobic- “water-fearing” Build cell membranes Long-term energy storage Cushion organs Insulation Aid in the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K Slows the emptying of stomach so you feel fuller longer

9. Fats Saturated Fats –Solid at room temperature –All carbons make 4 single bonds –Not easily digested –Butter, marbled meat, shortening Unsaturated Fats –Liquid at room temperature –Some carbons make double bonds –Digested readily –oils

10. Steroids All have 4 fused rings Differ in kinds and locations of functional groups- small changes make for big differences! Circulate body as chemical signals Responsible for our secondary sex characteristics Total Cholesterol levels should be <200 LDL “bad cholesterol <100 HDL “good cholesterol >50

11. Proteins Made of amino acids Build muscle Responsible for most of our physical and chemical characteristics –Skin color –Hair color –Eye color –Height –Temperament –Metabolism Enzymes (proteins) play a critical role in chemical reactions within living organisms

12. Nucleic Acids Well, we will get to these later…….