1. Streams: Transport to the ocean
Chapter 10:
Streams: Transport to the ocean
Hydrological cycle
Stream profile and erosion
Sediment transport and deposition
Meanders
Deltas

2. Some factors: amount of rainfall rate of evaporation runoff
Streams
1) The hydrological cycle
hydrological cycle:
Continuous cycling of water between the atmosphere, oceans
and land, due to gravity and energy from the Sun
Some factors:
amount of rainfall
rate of evaporation
runoff

3. The hydrological cycle
oceans
soil
dams
rivers
evaporation
mountains
plants
lakes
snow
rain
The hydrological cycle
10 elements that are
interrelated in the hydrological cycle

5. 2) Stream profile and erosion
Streams
2) Stream profile and erosion
longitudinal profile:
Steep gradient at head and almost flat at mouth.
See Figs 14.13,14,15
Base level:
The downward limit to which a stream
can cut/erode host rock (“bottom of the hill”).

6. 2) Stream profile and erosion
Streams
2) Stream profile and erosion
Over time streams can
erode rock just like
sandpaper

7. 3) Sediment transport & deposition
Streams
3) Sediment transport & deposition
Stream transport mechanisms:
in solution (dissolved in water)
in suspension
bed load (along bottom)
See Fig. 14.2

8. 3) Sediment transport & deposition
Streams
3) Sediment transport & deposition
Stream transport mechanisms:
in solution (dissolved in water)
in suspension
bed load (along bottom)

9. 3) Sediment transport & deposition
Streams
3) Sediment transport & deposition
Sediment deposition:
channel deposits
floodplain deposits
alluvial fans & deltas
Alluvial Fan (Death Valley, CA)

10. 4) Meanders Floodplain: Stream channel deposits
left by meandering rivers.
Fig

11. 4) Meanders
Oxbow lake
Fig. 14.9

12. 5) Deltas Delta: Distributaries: Salt marshes:
Streams
5) Deltas
Delta:
depositional platform that forms at the mouth of a river
Distributaries:
smaller streams that branch off downstream
Salt marshes:
shallow bays between distributary channels
Fig

13. Streams
Multiple choice
Which of the following terms describes a curved, coarse-grained deposit that forms on the inside curve of a stream?
A. dune
B. meander
C. oxbow
D. point bar

14. Curves and bends in a stream channel are called ______.
Streams
Multiple choice
Curves and bends in a stream channel are called ______.
A. alluvial fans
B. braids
C. deltas
D. meanders

15. At a bend in a river, ______ occurs on the outside of the bend
Streams
Multiple choice
At a bend in a river, ______ occurs on the outside of the bend
and ______ occurs on the inside of the bend.
A. deposition. . . deposition
B. deposition erosion
C. erosion deposition
D. erosion erosion

16. Which of the following would be the most fertile area for crops?
Streams
Multiple choice
Which of the following would be the most fertile area for crops?
A. a stream channel
B. a floodplain
C. a natural levee
D. an uplands area away from the stream

17. Streams
Multiple choice
Large, cone-shaped deposits of sediment at a mountain front are called ______.
A. alluvial fans
B. deltas
C. natural levees
D. terraces