1. Types of rocks & Sediment
KL Oceanography

2. Rock V. Mineral
Rock= hard, solid substance composed of one or more minerals
3 Types:
Igneous
Metamorphic
sedimentary

3. Rock V. Mineral
Mineral= naturally occurring inorganic (non-living) solids composed of one or more elements naturally occurring in the earth’s crust…they make up rocks.
Ex> quartz, garnet, olivine, magnetite, feldspar

4. 3 Types of Rock
Igneous= come from hot fluid magma (the mantle) that cools and hardens
If it cools fast extrusive= small grains
Ex> Basalt, obsidian
If it cools slowly and inside the continental plate intrusive=large grains
EX>rhyolite, andesite, granite

5. 3 Types of Rock
Metamorphic= formed under very intense heat and pressure over long periods of time forms deep in the earth’s crust subduction zones.
Ex> marble, schist, gneiss

6. 3 Types of Rock
Sedimentary= Compacted sediment from other rocks or minerals already present on or near the Earth’s surface.
Ex> sandstone, limestone
Sediment= particles of rocks carried along and deposited by water, wind or glaciers.
Small pieces of rock or shell that are broken down over time by erosion
Sand on our beaches is sediment of various types
Depends on the origin of the parent rock

7. 4 Types of Ocean Sediment
Lithogenous
comes from weathering and erosion in the mountains and contains lots of Quartz, Feldspar and Clay
Rivers carry 15 billion tons of Lithogenous sediment to the ocean
the most abundant type of sediment found in the ocean

8. 4 Types of Ocean Sediment
Biogenous
Comes from biological organisms’ shells &/or skeletons
contain silica or calcium carbonate
Creates “Ooze” as it accumulates into layers on the sea floor
Calcareous- Calcium carbonate secretors
Siliceous- from diatoms
Ooze turns into petroleum and natural gas over millions of years.

9. 4 Types of Ocean Sediment
Hydrogenous
result from chemical reactions in seawater which cause minerals to come out of solution and form particles that settle to the bottom
Comes from dissolution of submerged rock, new crust formation and hydrothermal vents
Manganese Nodules
Metallic Sulfides

10. 4 Types of Ocean Sediment
Cosmogenous
sediment that comes from outer space, usually in cosmic dust that results from collisions of asteroids, comets, meteorites, etc.
Rarest form of sediment (least abundant)