1. The Original Americans The Western Hemisphere, ca. 30,000 BCE-1200 AD

6. The Original Americans Approximately 30,000 years B.C.E. “Highways” of Migration

7. The Paleolithic and Archaic Eras Paleolithic: ca. 35000 BCE to 9000 BCE Hunter-gatherers, nomadic lifestyle Archaic: Environmental Transitions Domesticated Agriculture Semi-Nomadic & Sedentary Societies

8. The Formative Era ca. 2000 years in duration—through 200 AD Types of social organization Early, middle, late Formative period The Olmecs  San Lorenzo  La Venta  Characteristics  Legacy Peru: Chavín de Hunatar  Religious Function The Decline: after 200 BCE

9. Olmec Artifacts

10. Monte Albán in the Classic Era The Zapotecs Relations with Teotihuacán Social hierarchy The role of violence and the military

11. Monte Alb á n

14. “Classic” Era Societies Teotihuacán  The city  The population  Three types of empire military commercial cultural & religious  The end of the city

15. Teotihuac á n

17. Teotihuac á n — Pyramid of the Sun

18. Teotihuac á n — Pyramid of the Moon

19. Teotihuac á n — The Avenue of the Dead

20. The Classic Maya Traits of Maya Civilization Older Perceptions of the Maya Regions and Polities The End of the Classic Era, ca. 900 CE  What Happened? Various Theories

21. Maya Hieroglyphs

23. Maya Hieroglyph (Detail)

24. Chichen Itza

27. Palenque

29. Palenque (Carving Detail)