1. Nationalism: Then & Now

2. Unification - THEN Germany

3. Germany 1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria)1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria) Prussia leads unificationPrussia leads unification –German population –Nationalistic movement –Stronger Army –Wilhelm I appoints Bismarck to orchestrate unification

4. Unification - THEN Italy

5. Italy Mazzini: “The Soul”Mazzini: “The Soul” Garibaldi: “The Sword”Garibaldi: “The Sword” Cavour:“The Brain”Cavour:“The Brain” Create a plan to unite Northern Italy and Southern Italy into new nation state of Italy (Rome capital city)

6. Unification - NOW May 22, 1990 - North and South Yemen merged to form a unified YemenMay 22, 1990 - North and South Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen October 3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified Germany (again!) after the fall of the Iron CurtainOctober 3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified Germany (again!) after the fall of the Iron Curtain

7. Unification - NOW Will South Korea ever reunite with North Korea?Will South Korea ever reunite with North Korea?

8. Unification - NOW Will Northern Ireland ever reunite with the Republic of Ireland?Will Northern Ireland ever reunite with the Republic of Ireland?

9. Separation - THEN Austrian Empire

10. Separation - THEN Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Poles, Slovaks, Serbs, etc.Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Poles, Slovaks, Serbs, etc. Lost Northern Land to Prussia (smaller/weaker)Lost Northern Land to Prussia (smaller/weaker) Pressure from Hungarians causes split, becomes Austria-HungaryPressure from Hungarians causes split, becomes Austria-Hungary After WWI, breaks into several nation-statesAfter WWI, breaks into several nation-states

11. Separation - THEN Russian Empire

12. Separation - THEN Ruled by Romanov Dynasty – Czars!Ruled by Romanov Dynasty – Czars! Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, etc.Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, etc. Each had own cultureEach had own culture Russification – forced Russian culture on all ethnic groups BUT nationalism growsRussification – forced Russian culture on all ethnic groups BUT nationalism grows WWI & Communist Revolution lead to break up of Empire in 1917WWI & Communist Revolution lead to break up of Empire in 1917

13. Separation - THEN Ottoman Empire

14. Separation - THEN Ruled by TurksRuled by Turks Controlled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians and ArmeniansControlled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians and Armenians Under pressure from British/French, granted equal citizenship to all people under their ruleUnder pressure from British/French, granted equal citizenship to all people under their rule BUT this angered conservative TurksBUT this angered conservative Turks Armenian Nationalist Movement grows, Turks respond by massacring & deporting thousands from 1894-1896 & 1915Armenian Nationalist Movement grows, Turks respond by massacring & deporting thousands from 1894-1896 & 1915massacring & deportingmassacring & deporting

15. Separation - NOW Fifteen new countries became independent with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991Fifteen new countries became independent with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s into five independent countriesYugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s into five independent countries January 1, 1993 - The Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent nations when Czechoslovakia dissolvedJanuary 1, 1993 - The Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent nations when Czechoslovakia dissolved May 25, 1993 - Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independenceMay 25, 1993 - Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independence

16. Separation - NOW June 3, 2006 - Montenegro was part of Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a referendumJune 3, 2006 - Montenegro was part of Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a referendum June 5, 2006 - Serbia became its own entity after Montenegro splitJune 5, 2006 - Serbia became its own entity after Montenegro split February 17, 2008 - Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from SerbiaFebruary 17, 2008 - Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia July 9, 2011 - South Sudan peacefully seceded from SudanJuly 9, 2011 - South Sudan peacefully seceded from Sudan

17. Separation - NOW Will Quebec separate from Canada?Will Quebec separate from Canada?

18. Separation - NOW Will Chechnya separate from Russia?Will Chechnya separate from Russia?

19. Separation - NOW Will Scotland separate from the UK?Will Scotland separate from the UK?