2.  Q: What factors discouraged the use of nuclear weapons during the Cold War?

3.  A: Neither the U.S. nor the USSR wanted to start a nuclear war  MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction  Both sides signed treaties to limit their nuclear weapons

4.  End of WWII  Chinese communists had gained control of much of northern China  Communists fighting civil war against nationalists  Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)  Chang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)  Communists won – established People’s Republic of China  Nationalists fled to Taiwan

5.  Why did Mao win?  Support of peasants  Nationalists lost popularity  Economic hardships  Corruption  Support in countryside

6.  Mao built one-party totalitarian state in China  Communist ideology guided society  Religion  Property  “Counterrevolutionaries”  “Bourgeoisie”  Collectivization: forced pooling of peasant land and labor to increase productivity

7.  1958-1960  Mao encouraged people to increase farm and industrial output  Communes: commonly owned and operated farms or communities  Brought together 25,000+ people, several villages

8.  Great Leap Forward failed  Communes produced useless goods  No incentives  Land neglected, food shortages  Bad Weather  Famine

9.  Goal: to purge China of “bourgeois” tendencies  Urged young to experience revolution, as he had  Formed Red Guards  Given copies of “Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-tung” - the “little red book”  Attacked those considered “bourgeois”  Humiliated, beaten, killed  Workers forced to leave jobs and do manual labor in factories or labor camps  Schools, factories closed  Civil war was threatened

10.  Split with USSR  USSR supported China in 1950s  Economic aid, technical support  Tensions, distrust  1960: border clashes and disputes over ideology led Soviets to withdraw aid and advisors from China  West feared strong alliance between USSR and China, but it was not strong

12.  Initially, U.S. supported Nationalist government in Taiwan as legitimate Chinese government  Later saw advantage in recognizing People’s Republic of China  After split with Soviets, Americans had strategic advantage  “Playing the China card” – US could isolate USSR between NATO in the West and China in the East

13.  People’s Republic of China replaced Taiwan in UN in 1971  1972: President Nixon visited Mao  1979: U.S. set up diplomatic relations with China

14.  Jieshi’s government continued to rule Taiwan  China saw Taiwan as breakaway province  Threatened military action when Taiwanese politicians proposed declaring independence  Mainland government insisted on rejoining Taiwan with China; Taiwan resisted pressure  Think: How did China’s relationships with the USSR and U.S. change during the Cold War?

15.  Using your book and notes, compare and contrast different aspects of communism and capitalist democracies:  Economy  Political System  Social Class  Government’s Role  Religion