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Published byGilbert O’Neal’ Modified over 9 years ago
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第十五章 镇静催眠药 蚌埠医学院药学系 药理教研室
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Chapter 14 Sedative-hypnotics
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§1 Introduction [define] sedatives-hypnotics : 1 、 depression of C NS 2 、 m oderate excitement ; 3 、 resemble nature sleep
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awake SWS NREM FWS ( REM ) 80-120min 20-30min 3-5 次 一、 phase of sleep
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Classification of insomnia : 1) drop asleep trouble 2) repeatedly sleep and awake 3) early awake
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3 、 Action of hypnotics: 1 ) The latency of sleep onset is decreased. 2) The duration of slee is prolonged
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二. Sedative-hypnotics [ classification ] ㈠ b enzodiazepines ㈡ b arbiturates ㈢ o ther
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§2 b enzodiazepines,BZ [ classification ] 苯二氮卓 ① long-acting anxiolytics : diazepam ,(地西泮 、安定) flurazepam (氟西泮、氟安定)
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② Intermediate-acting anxiolytics : chlordiazepoxide ,(氯氮卓) oxazepam (奥沙西泮) ③ Short-acting anxiolytics : triazolam (三唑仑)
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[actions and uses] 1. Antianxiety 抗焦虑 : 1 ) selectivity highly , 2 ) use : anxiety , 2 、 Sedation 、 hypnosis 1 ) REM is shortened , but small. 2 ) use : insomnia
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3 、 Anticonvulsant ( 抗惊厥 ) (tetanus) 破伤风、 eclampsia ( 子痫 ) 、 convulsion induced by drug toxication antiepileptic effects ( 抗癫痫 ) 4 、 Skeletal muscle relaxant ( 中枢肌松作用)
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Mechanism of action
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[ pharmacokinetics ] 1 、 po --absorption well , im --absorption slow 、 abnormity ; 2 、 distribution wide , bound highly to plasma albumin ; 3 、 biotransformation : liver , 4 、 highly lipid-soluble
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[adverse reactions] 1 、 therapy dose :㈠ CNS 2 、 excessive dose : acute toxication 3 、 long time use : tolerance 、 addiction
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【 contraindication 】 : 1 ) pregnant woman 、 2 ) lactation woman , 3 ) liver function .
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§3 b arbiturates character : dose-effect r elationship : 1 ) small dose-- Sedation 、 2 ) middling dose – hypnosis ; 3 ) large dose --Anticonvulsant 。
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§4 o ther chloral hydrate 水合氯醛 character 1 、 po : absorption fast , action longtime ; 2 、 REM is not shortened , 3 、 local stimulate ,
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question Please describe pharmacological action And clinic use of diazepam.
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