2. Group Members: Jenny Madrid, Lauren Nguyen, & Rochelle Trachier

3. **Decolonization came about basically because: a. After WWII, European countries lacked the wealth and political support necessary to hold back revolts b. Powers of the U.S and Soviet Union against colonialism

4. In 1952, the last of British kings of Egypt was overthrown Egyptians were 1) illiterate 2) poorly paid 3) largely ignored laborers/rural farmers

5. British Soldiers Wife of prayer leader

6. **Before Revolution headed by Nasser 1. 70% of cultivable land owned by 6% of population 2. 98% peasants malnourished 3. British interference in all domestic affairs 4..5% of population (Feudalists/capitalists) dominated society; the majority, consisting of peasants, craftsmen, merchants, and laborers, suffered from limited ownership, low incomes, low education rate, health neglected (98% w/ eye diseases), and poverty.

7. **After Revolution 1. People gained stature and rights 2. Revolutionary principles based on rights of Egyptian people 3. Better education; jobs 4. More distribution of wealth

8. Government struggle at beginning of economic reform massive investment in communications and transportation. More trade—Suez Canal Small farm raised cow, water buffalos, chicken Manufacturing controlled by the state Due to growing population limited arable land for agriculture Warm weather supplies enough water for several crops a year Agriculture: sugar and cotton; (others) rice, beans, sugarcane. Nile valley fertile land Natural resource:petroleum, natural gas,crude oil in Gulf of Suez. Oil and gas accounted for approximately 7% economy $$

9. Egypt has no democracy Old political parties were abolished in 1953 1954: the rise of Nasser to power instrumental in getting the British to evacuate the Suez Canal establishing a Marxist democracy in Egypt Egypt was active in promoting Arab unity against Israel The new government focused on land reform (destroying land as a power base and redistributing it to poor peasants) It shifted capital and resources to industry and businesses, focusing on a restructuring process to create internal resources. marked the beginning of an economic restructuring for domestic purposes - to provide stability and create a power base for the state.

10. Scientific socialismScientific socialism- central planning guarantee that these resources would be utilized efficiently. Creating a new economic policy. Through Arab unity, wealth could be used to improve the standard of living throughout the middle east. Natural resources and major industries would have to be nationalized Pan-Arabism- a belief in Arab unity 1954: the rise of Nasser to power instrumental in getting the British to evacuate the Suez Canal establishing a Marxist democracy in Egypt

11. **Gender Issues: 1. Before virtually no rights to women, after established social justice- no exploitation, cruelty, etc. 2. First vote in 1957 3. Constitution on 1956 granted women equal rights 4. Employment, education, political rights-all gained