1. Carbonyl Compounds

2. a Compounds that contain the carbonyl group
Aldehydes Ketones Carboxyllic Acids
Esters

3. Aldehyde Nomenclature
1. Name the compound, numbering so that the aldehyde group is #1.
2. Remove the “e” ending and add the “al” ending.

4. Aldehyde Examples Ex.1 IUPAC Name: (common name is formaldehyde) Ex.2
(common name is acetaldehyde)

5. Aldehyde Examples Cont.

6. 2. Number the carbonyl carbon as low as possible.
Ketone Nomenclature
1. Name the compound.
2. Number the carbonyl carbon as low as possible.
3. Remove the “e” and add the ending “one”.

7. Ketone Examples
Ex. 1
IUPAC Name:
(common name is acetone)
Ex.2

8. Ketone Examples (cont)

9. Sometimes common names are retained in which the two alkyl groups are named, followed by the word “ketone”
Ex. 1

10. More Ketone Examples
Ex.2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4

11. Carboxylic Acids
Contain the carboxyl group; a combination of carbonyl and hydroxyl
Carboxylic acids are abundant in nature and many are known by their common names.
The common names were derived from either a Latin or Greek name that indicated the original source of the acid.

12. Carboxylic Acid Nomenclature
1. Name the alkyl group, numbering the carboxyl carbon as #1.
2. Remove the “e” ending and add “oic acid”.

13. Carboxylic Acid Examples
IUPAC Name:
(common name formic acid)
Ex. 2
(common name acetic acid)

14. More Carboxylic Acid Examples

15. More Carboxylic Acid Examples
IUPAC Name:
(common name oxalic acid)
Ex.6
(common name salicylic acid)

16. Esters Nomenclature
Derivatives of carboyxlic acids in which the OH group is replaced by an “O-R” group
1. Name the “esterified” group (the group attached to the oxygen) first
2. Name the parent acid
3. Remove the “-ic acid” ending and add “-ate”

17. Ester Examples
Ex. 1
Ex. 2

18. More Ester Examples
Ex. 3
Ex. 4

19. More Ester Examples
Ex. 5
Ex. 6

20. Esters are usually rather pleasant smelling substances which are responsible for the flavor and fragrance of many fruits & flavorings
Ex.;
Ethyl formate – artificial rum flavor
Octyl acetate – oranges
Pentyl butyrate – apricots
Pentyl acetate – bananas
Ethyl butyrate – pineapples
Methyl salicylate – oil of wintergreen