1. Review Double and Triple Bonds
Make your regular Lewis Structure with all single bonds and full octets
Count up the number of electrons you used- compare it to the number of electrons you have to work with
Same Number = Correct Structure
Need 2 more? Add 1 double bond and change your dots
Need 4 more? Add 2 double bonds or 1 triple bond and change your dots

2. Intro to Molecular Structures
We spent last week drawing lewis structures of covalent molecules. These are 2D representations of the molecules. Today we’re going to start talking about the actual 3D structure of the molecules.

3. Molecular Structure is determined by VSEPR
VSEPR – Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
It means that: Electron pairs (bonds or lone pairs) will get as far apart from each other as they can in 3D space.
This happens because: Electrons are negatively charged and repel each other so they want to stay as far away as possible.

4. Molecular Shapes
The shape of the molecule depends on the number of and type of electron clouds around the central atom.
Central Atom

5. Molecular Shape Electron Cloud: A group of electrons Single Bond
Double Bond (1 double or triple bond =
Triple Bond electron cloud)
Lone pairs
Lone Pairs: The non-bonded electrons that finish the octet. “dots”

6. There are 5 major shapes Tetrahedral Trigonal Pyramidal
Bent or V-Shaped
Trigonal Planar
Linear

7. To Find the Molecular shape:
Draw the Lewis Structure
Count the number of bonds (remember double/triple bond = only 1 bond) on the central atom
Count the number of lone pairs on the central atom
Match to the correct shape

8. You need to be able to:
Match the name of the shape to the lewis structure by being able to identify the electron clouds
Match the name of the shape to the 3D model
Know the bond angle of each shape

9. Tetrahedral Four electron clouds
All electron clouds are bonds, no lone pairs
Bond angle of 109.5°

10. Trigonal Pyramidal Four electron clouds 3 electron clouds are bonds
1 electron cloud is a lone pair
Bond angle of 107°- because lone pairs take up more room

11. Bent or V-Shaped (Option 1)
Four electron clouds
2 electron clouds are bonds
2 electron clouds are lone pairs
Bond angle of 105°

12. Trigonal Planar Three electron clouds All 3 electron clouds are bonds
No lone pairs
Bond angle of 120°

13. Bent or V-Shaped (Option 2)
Three electron clouds
2 electron clouds are bonds
1 electron cloud is a lone pair
Bond angle a little less than 120°

14. Linear Two electron clouds both are bonds
OR 1-4 electron clouds- only 1 bonded
Bond angle is 180°

15. Assignment
Find Covalent Bonds WS 1. For each molecule answer the following questions:
How many electron clouds are there? How many are bonds? How many are lone pairs?
Label each lewis structure with the name of the correct molecular shape
What is the bond angle?
Covalent Bonds WS 1 is due tomorrow!
When you are done keep working on Covalent Bonds WS 2 & 3 – this is due tomorrow too!

16. Giant Molecules – Look at each shape within molecule