1. Urinary System Chapter 15

2. Urinary System

3. Kidneys  Location  Two kidneys — one on each side of the lumbar region  Functions  Filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous wastes in the form of urine  Regulate the blood’s level of critical elements (water, sodium, potassium)  Location  Two kidneys — one on each side of the lumbar region  Functions  Filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous wastes in the form of urine  Regulate the blood’s level of critical elements (water, sodium, potassium)

4. Kidneys  Two layers:  cortex — outer part (consists of one million nephrons)  The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for the actual purification and filtration of the blood.  medulla — inner portion of the kidney  This is where the amount of salt and water in your urine is controlled.  Two layers:  cortex — outer part (consists of one million nephrons)  The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for the actual purification and filtration of the blood.  medulla — inner portion of the kidney  This is where the amount of salt and water in your urine is controlled. (continued)

5. Nephrons  Functional unit of the kidney  Consists of:  glomerulus — ball-shaped cluster of capillaries  Bowman’s capsule — encloses the nephron  renal tubule — stem portion of the nephron  Ultra-filtration  Functional unit of the kidney  Consists of:  glomerulus — ball-shaped cluster of capillaries  Bowman’s capsule — encloses the nephron  renal tubule — stem portion of the nephron  Ultra-filtration

6. Nephron

7. Urinary Bladder  Location  Sac above the urethra  Function  Holds the urine until it is expelled through the urethra  Location  Sac above the urethra  Function  Holds the urine until it is expelled through the urethra

8. Urethra  Location  Single canal located under the urinary bladder  Function  Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body  Urethral Meatus  Opening in the urethra to the outside of the body  Location  Single canal located under the urinary bladder  Function  Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body  Urethral Meatus  Opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

9. Cystoscopy

10. Kidney Transplantation

11. Ureters  Location  Two ureters — Tubes on each kidney  Function  Carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder  Location  Two ureters — Tubes on each kidney  Function  Carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

12. Urostomy: This is the general name given to an operation that is carried out to divert the normal flow of urine from the kidneys through to the urethra. Urine is diverted away from the bladder and into a specially created stoma.

13. Extracorporeal Lithotripsy Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) uses shockwaves to break a kidney stone into small pieces that can more easily travel through the urinary tract and pass from the body.

14. Terms You Should Know  Enuresis: invol. discharge of urine  Nocturnal enuresis  Incontinence  Oliguria  Nocturia  Urinary catheterization  Enuresis: invol. discharge of urine  Nocturnal enuresis  Incontinence  Oliguria  Nocturia  Urinary catheterization