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Biosolids and Watershed Management Activities David Taylor davet@madsewer.org 608-222-1201, ext. 276
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Overview-Biosolids Biosolids statistics- national & state Regulatory framework Trends/emerging issues Madison experience
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Overview-Watershed Management Phosphorus water quality criteria Water quality trading Pharmaceuticals and trace organics
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Biosolids Production-National Dry Tons (million) 20007.1 20057.6 20108.2
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Practice% of Facilities% Mass Land app/D&M 98 78 Incinerate 0.5 10 Landfill 1.5 12 Wisconsin Statistics
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National Regulation 40 CFR Part 503 Risk Based Land application, incineration and landfilling 3 Rounds of rulemaking activities
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14 Land Application Exposure Pathways Considered by EPA
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Part 503-Round 1 Round 1 9 metals Recordkeeping and management practices Round 2 Dioxin and dioxin like compounds Round 3 Metals, nutrients, PPCP’s, bacteria
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State Regulations Typically build upon federal framework Site inspection/approval Management practices Storage Monitoring/recordkeeping/reporting
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Trends & emerging issues Phosphorus management Resource recovery EDC’s and PPCP’s Improved analytical capabilities Regrowth and/or reactivation of fecal coliform bacteria
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Trends & emerging issues Public perception and restrictive ordinances Resource recovery Class A vs. Class B Environmental management systems?
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MMSD Biosolids Management 100% beneficial reuse Dual programs Metrogro MetroMix
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The Metrogro Program 30 year history Agricultural land application Class B biosolids National model
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Metrogro Quick Facts Privately owned farmland Land base-67,000 acres Apply to 5,000 acres annually 17 mile average haul distance
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Metrogro Quick Facts 40 MGY (9,000 dry tons) Subsurface injection N-based application rates Voluntary measures to address P
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A “seasonal” program
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Site Selection and Approval Soil conditions Slope Setbacks DNR tracking number
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Monitoring Baseline regulatory requirements Nutrients, metals, solids, fecal coliform, PCBs, priority pollutants Additional efforts Organics (dioxins and “dioxin like compounds”) Radionuclides PPCP’s Private well water monitoring
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Future Direction Continued 100% beneficial reuse Dual programs Metrogro MetroMix
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Struvite Harvesting Mg(NH 4 )PO 4 ·6H 2 O Builds up inside pipes Harvesting = controlled precipitation Reduces biosolids P by 40%
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Watershed Management Issues
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Current Issues Statewide water quality criterion for phosphorus/TMDLs Watershed Based Trading How to effectively address non-point
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Current Issues Water quantity and balancing Effluent reuse (co- gen facility) Pharmaceuticals & trace organics Carbon footprint UW Campus Co-Gen Facility
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Initial DNR Regulations to Address Phosphorus NR 217-Effluent Standards and Limitations (1992) Established phosphorus effluent limitations for point sources 1 mg/l with provisions for an alternative limit
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Recent DNR Rule Revisions to Further Regulate Phosphorus Adopted by NRB in June, 2010. NR 102-Establishes numeric water quality criteria for phosphorus. NR 151-Establishes new nonpoint source controls including new agricultural performance standards. NR 217-Establishes a framework for implementing the new phosphorus water quality criteria for point sources.
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MMSD Phosphorus Reductions Under NR 217 Pre NR 217 effluent conc. 4.0 mg/l NR 217 effluent limit 1.5 mg/l (Biological P removal) (63% reduction) Average effluent conc. 0.34 mg/l (2006-2010) (92% reduction)
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Estimated BFC Phosphorus Effluent Limits (Based on Draft Rock River TMDL) Conc. 0.17 mg/l Mass21,400 lbs/yr Requires a TP mass reduction of 21,600 lbs/year to BFC
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Estimated Cost to Achieve 0.15 mg/l TP With Brick and Mortar Addition to WWTP Capital cost (1) :$85,000,000 20 year PW cost (1) : $95,000,000 Cost/lb for TP removal over 20 years (2) $170 Cost/lb range (+/- 30%)$120-$220 (1) Planning level cost estimate prepared by Malcolm Pirnie (2) Based on design flow
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Pharmaceuticals U.S.-4 billion prescriptions filled/yr 1/3 unused (200 million lbs/yr) Non prescription drugs? Agricultural-estimates vary widely (18-30 million lbs of antibiotics/yr?)
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AP investigation: Pharmaceuticals found in drinking water
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MedDrop The Dane County Program Volunteer led effort No formal structure $5K-$10K per event 6 collection events held to date Grants, MPSC funds, in- kind contributions
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June 2010 Event half day event 3 collection sites 2,400 vehicles 5,600 lbs of pharmaceuticals collected 630 lbs controlled substances
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MedDrop User Surveys How would you have disposed of the unused Meds otherwise? Kept them:48% Trash:29% Flushed them:14% Other: 9%
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“Take Home” Points Biosolids Management Land application most common practice nationally Well regulated Phosphorus and PPCPs are important emerging issues Watershed Management Phosphorus /TMDLs Watershed based trading Addressing non-point PPCPs
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