1. Biosolids and Watershed Management Activities David Taylor davet@madsewer.org 608-222-1201, ext. 276

2. Overview-Biosolids Biosolids statistics- national & state Regulatory framework Trends/emerging issues Madison experience

3. Overview-Watershed Management Phosphorus water quality criteria Water quality trading Pharmaceuticals and trace organics

4. Biosolids Production-National Dry Tons (million) 20007.1 20057.6 20108.2

6. Practice% of Facilities% Mass Land app/D&M 98 78 Incinerate 0.5 10 Landfill 1.5 12 Wisconsin Statistics

7. National Regulation 40 CFR Part 503 Risk Based Land application, incineration and landfilling 3 Rounds of rulemaking activities

8. 14 Land Application Exposure Pathways Considered by EPA

9. Part 503-Round 1 Round 1 9 metals Recordkeeping and management practices Round 2 Dioxin and dioxin like compounds Round 3 Metals, nutrients, PPCP’s, bacteria

10. State Regulations Typically build upon federal framework Site inspection/approval Management practices Storage Monitoring/recordkeeping/reporting

11. Trends & emerging issues Phosphorus management Resource recovery EDC’s and PPCP’s Improved analytical capabilities Regrowth and/or reactivation of fecal coliform bacteria

12. Trends & emerging issues Public perception and restrictive ordinances Resource recovery Class A vs. Class B Environmental management systems?

13. MMSD Biosolids Management 100% beneficial reuse Dual programs Metrogro MetroMix

14. The Metrogro Program 30 year history Agricultural land application Class B biosolids National model

15. Metrogro Quick Facts Privately owned farmland Land base-67,000 acres Apply to 5,000 acres annually 17 mile average haul distance

16. Metrogro Quick Facts 40 MGY (9,000 dry tons) Subsurface injection N-based application rates Voluntary measures to address P

17. A “seasonal” program

21. Site Selection and Approval Soil conditions Slope Setbacks DNR tracking number

23. Monitoring Baseline regulatory requirements Nutrients, metals, solids, fecal coliform, PCBs, priority pollutants Additional efforts Organics (dioxins and “dioxin like compounds”) Radionuclides PPCP’s Private well water monitoring

24. Future Direction Continued 100% beneficial reuse Dual programs Metrogro MetroMix

27. Struvite Harvesting Mg(NH 4 )PO 4 ·6H 2 O Builds up inside pipes Harvesting = controlled precipitation Reduces biosolids P by 40%

28. Watershed Management Issues

29. Current Issues Statewide water quality criterion for phosphorus/TMDLs Watershed Based Trading How to effectively address non-point

30. Current Issues Water quantity and balancing Effluent reuse (co- gen facility) Pharmaceuticals & trace organics Carbon footprint UW Campus Co-Gen Facility

31. Initial DNR Regulations to Address Phosphorus NR 217-Effluent Standards and Limitations (1992) Established phosphorus effluent limitations for point sources 1 mg/l with provisions for an alternative limit

32. Recent DNR Rule Revisions to Further Regulate Phosphorus Adopted by NRB in June, 2010. NR 102-Establishes numeric water quality criteria for phosphorus. NR 151-Establishes new nonpoint source controls including new agricultural performance standards. NR 217-Establishes a framework for implementing the new phosphorus water quality criteria for point sources.

33. MMSD Phosphorus Reductions Under NR 217 Pre NR 217 effluent conc. 4.0 mg/l NR 217 effluent limit 1.5 mg/l (Biological P removal) (63% reduction) Average effluent conc. 0.34 mg/l (2006-2010) (92% reduction)

34. Estimated BFC Phosphorus Effluent Limits (Based on Draft Rock River TMDL) Conc. 0.17 mg/l Mass21,400 lbs/yr Requires a TP mass reduction of 21,600 lbs/year to BFC

35. Estimated Cost to Achieve 0.15 mg/l TP With Brick and Mortar Addition to WWTP Capital cost (1) :$85,000,000 20 year PW cost (1) : $95,000,000 Cost/lb for TP removal over 20 years (2) $170 Cost/lb range (+/- 30%)$120-$220 (1) Planning level cost estimate prepared by Malcolm Pirnie (2) Based on design flow

37. Pharmaceuticals U.S.-4 billion prescriptions filled/yr 1/3 unused (200 million lbs/yr) Non prescription drugs? Agricultural-estimates vary widely (18-30 million lbs of antibiotics/yr?)

39. AP investigation: Pharmaceuticals found in drinking water

41. MedDrop The Dane County Program Volunteer led effort No formal structure $5K-$10K per event 6 collection events held to date Grants, MPSC funds, in- kind contributions

42. June 2010 Event half day event 3 collection sites 2,400 vehicles 5,600 lbs of pharmaceuticals collected 630 lbs controlled substances

43. MedDrop User Surveys How would you have disposed of the unused Meds otherwise? Kept them:48% Trash:29% Flushed them:14% Other: 9%

44. “Take Home” Points Biosolids Management Land application most common practice nationally Well regulated Phosphorus and PPCPs are important emerging issues Watershed Management Phosphorus /TMDLs Watershed based trading Addressing non-point PPCPs