1. Livelihood and Mobility Interconnections  Obvious connections:  Travel to work  Transport as work  SLAM mobility considerations  Mobility’s contribution to livelihood capability  Locality, accessibility and transport infrastructure in relation to the rural- urban spectrum  Differentiated mobility by income strata  Relative immobility of poor & their restricted transport assets

2. Livelihoods and Mobility  Types of mobility  Residential  Settlement timing  Locational flexibility  Daily Short-distance  Distance to work vis-à-vis formal & informal work  Modal choice - influences travel time and speed  Annual long-distance  Importance of social visits

3. Mobility and the Capital Asset Pentagon  Trade-offs with respect to Livelihoods, Access and Mobility

4. Mobility and the Capital Asset Pentagon  Social Capital Asset Trade-offs

5. Mobility and the Capital Asset Pentagon  Financial Capital Assets and Transport Investment

6. Conceptualising Livelihoods & Mobility in the SLAM Project  Importance of access and mobility to the generation of economic & non-economic activities (including social visits)  Livelihoods analysis facilitated a multi- sectoral investigation of mobility with respect to:  Social services  Formal and informal work  Social capital pursuits  Mobility and work patterns are highly income-differentiated which must be addressed in poverty alleviation

7. Indices of Relative Immobility: Low- and Medium-Income Transport as a Proportion of Mean High-Income Levels UGANDA ZIMBABWE LowMediumHighLowMediumHigh LowMediumHighLowMediumHigh  Relative Wealth  Income/Expenditure 7 28 100 29 57100  Daily Short-distance Trips  Total time travelling102109100119114100  Total distance 54 97 100 54 60100  Average trip speed 46 86100 52 58100  Proportion walking295211100595116100  Proportion fare 92116100129156100  Paying transport  Annual Long-distance Travel  Total distance 44541001734100  Household Transport Assets and Expenditure  Bicycle Possession 70811009270100  Car Possession 0221002265100  Proportion of HH  Expenditure on 63841006886100 transport Source: SLAM data, 2001

8. Policies to Promote ‘Efficient’ Mobility and Access  Ensuring access through planning  Sensitivity to income-differentiated mobility needs  Meeting locality-differentiated mobility needs  Traffic alleviation in the primate city  Preventing future traffic problems in secondary cities  Exploring peri-urban potentialities  Village visions