1. 1 Basic counseling HAIVN Havard Medical School AIDS Initiative in Vietnam

2. 2 By the end of this session, participants should be able to: Present concept, objectives and general principles of counseling Distinguish counseling and health communication / health education List the 6 steps of the counseling process Learning objectives

3. 3 An interactive process between counselor and counselee A way to assist and provide information to counselees so they can: Develop self-sufficiency Find solutions and resolve problems independently Feel more confident when acting on decisions they have made What is counseling?

4. 4 Teaching or commanding Giving recommendations A conversation An interview A confession A request / plea Counseling is not:

5. 5 Focus on counselees in order to: meet counselees’ needs solve specific problem according to each counselee’s situation Goals of counseling

6. 6 The process of interaction, collaboration and the impact of counselor on counselee Primary goal of counseling Self-reliance and personal responsibility of counselee The essentials of counseling (1)

7. 7 In communications with the counselee, the counselor should consider the counselee’s: Cultural and social context Willingness / readiness to change How a counselor poses questions, supplies information, from that: consider the alternatives develop action plans The essentials of counseling (2)

8. 8 Individuals who may be experiencing difficulties: People living with HIV or their relatives People with high-risk behaviors Injection drug users and their relatives Medical staff with occupational exposure … HIV/AIDS counseling should target…

9. 9 Help counselees: understand their situation look for and choose the appropriate solutions ​​ to problems Change: Counselees’ perceptions through providing information Counselees’ behaviors The purpose of the counseling

10. 10 CounselingHealth Education Between 1 counselor and 1 counselee Between 1 group of counselors and 1 person/group of people Private, confidential, secret Communicating and encouraging Orientation to Problems Orientation to content counselee initiates/ seeks counseling counselor goes to community Counseling and Communication(1)

11. 11 CounselingHealth Education Ease counselee’s mind, help 1 person solve 1 particular problem Provide information to change attitudes and promote behavior change Provide information and raise awareness for many people (generally) Improve knowledge to educate Counseling and Communication (2)

12. 12 1. Respect the feelings and values ​​ of counselee 2. Do not judge, sermonize, or force counselee to follow the opinion of the counselor 3. Express empathy by learning more about the counselee's specific circumstances General principles of counseling (1)

13. 13 4. Maintain confidentiality: never disclose counselee’s information 5. Be patient: do not rush counselee allow time for counselee to consider his/ her situation 6. Recognize your limitations: May not know all information or how to directly assist counselee Be able to provide counselee with reliable contact information for resources / referral services General principles of counseling (2)

14. counselor meets counselee for first time counselor should lay the foundation for trust Beginning Establish counseling relationship between counselor and counselee counselor helps counselee realize “issue” Development Counseling relationship between the counselor and counselee ends counselee is clearly aware of his/ her problems and has solutions End Counseling process Counseling usually has 3 stages

15. Quickly observe, assess counselee’s mood Welcome Identify counselee’s problems Ask information Provide accurate, appropriate and necessary information for counselee Provide information Help counselee understand the exact nature of the problem and how to choose the appropriate solution independently Help Explain clearly and provide adequate information on solutions that counselee has chosen Explain Make an appointment with counselee to assess the outcome and counsel further as necessary/ appropriate Follow up Steps of counseling

16. 16 Counseling should focus on the central problem Counseling is different from health communication or health education Counselors need to: Clearly understand the concept of counseling Follow the general principles of the 6 step counseling process Pay attention to their own emotions which could interfere with objectivity / ability to counsel Key points

17. 17 Thank you! Question ?