1. Immune System

2. Figure 43.1 An overview of the body's defenses
Innate Immunity (faster response)
Adaptive Immunity (slower response)

3. N

4. Non-specific Immunity (Innate)
Mucous membranes (lysozyme)
Low pH
Phagocytic Cells:
Neutrophils (in blood, destroy infected cells)
Macrophages: migrate, organs, tissues, eat pathogens
Dendritic Cells: in tissues, stimulate specific immun.
Eosinophils: defend against parasitic worms
Natural Killer Cells: target virus-infected cells and cancerous cells

5. Non-specific continued…..
Interferon – produced by virus-infected cells; nearby cells stimulated to stop viral replication.
Complement system
proteins that circulate
Recognize invaders
Cascade of chemicals result in lysis of pathogen

6. Figure 43.17 The classical complement pathway, resulting in lysis of a target cell

7. Complement System Animation

8. Non-specific continued…..
Inflammatory response:
Result of injury
Mast cells in tissues release histamine
Blood vessel dilation
Cytokines released by macrophages and nuetrophils: promotes blood flow (bv dialation also)
Results in more cells coming to the area for help
Swelling (edema)

9. Figure 43.5 A simplified view of the inflammatory response

10. Figure 43.4 The human lymphatic system

11. Figure 43.8 The development of lymphocytes

12. Figure 43.6 Clonal selection

13. Figure 43.9 The interaction of T cells with MHC molecules

14. Helper T Activation Animation

15. Figure 43.7 Immunological memory

16. Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 1)

17. Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 2)

18. Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 3)

19. Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 4)

20. Connective Tissue AF – Mast cells IF – Fibroblasts EF – Elastic Fibers

22. Figure 43.0 Specialized lymphocytes attacking a cancer cell

23. Figure 43.2 First-line respiratory defenses

24. Figure 43.3 Phagocytosis by a macrophage

25. Figure 43.3x Macrophage

26. Figure 43.x1 Anabaena phagocytosed by a human neutrophil

27. Figure 43.8x B lymphocyte

28. Figure 43.11 The central role of helper T cells: a closer look

29. Figure 43.12a The functioning of cytotoxic T cells

30. Figure 43.12b A cytotoxic T cell has lysed a cancer cell

31. Figure 43.13 Humoral response to a T-dependent antigen (Layer 1)

32. Figure 43.13 Humoral response to a T-dependent antigen (Layer 2)

33. Figure 43.13 Humoral response to a T-dependent antigen (Layer 3)

34. Figure 43.14 Epitopes (antigenic determinants)

35. Figure 43.15c Antibody molecule

36. Figure 43.16 Effector mechanisms of humoral immunity

37. Figure 43.x2 Vaccination

38. Figure 43.x3 X-ray of hands with arthritis

39. Figure 43.18 Mast cells, IgE, and the allergic response

40. Figure 43.x4 Alternaria spores, a cause of allergies in humans

41. Figure 43.19 A T cell infected with HIV

42. Figure 43.19x1 HIV on a lymphocyte, detail

43. Figure 43.19x2 HIV budding

44. Figure 43.19x2a T cell infected with HIV

45. Figure 43.19x2b Detail of HIV on lymphocyte

46. Figure 43.20 The stages of HIV infection

47. Figure 43.x5 AIDS posters