1. Antivirals
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5. The differences between bacteria & viruses, pay attention to their structures and the way they multiply
Virus:
Smaller
Non-celluar
Composed of a protein coat & DNA/RNA
Non-living
Viruses insert DNA/RNA into cells/ rely on host to reproduce
Bacteria:
Larger
Cellular
Have nucleus/cytoplasm/cell membrane/ organelles
Can feed/excrete/respire/grow outside cells
Bacteria multiply by cell division/binary fission/mitosis/meiosis

7. Ways in which antiviral drugs work
They alter the host cell's genetic material
They alter the viruses binding sites, preventing it from binding to the host's cell
They prevent the virus from entering/leaving the host cell.
They prevent the virus from multiplying

8. Differences between viruses & bacteria
Viruses are smaller
Viruses do not have nuclei/cell wall/bacteria do have nuclei/cell wall
Viruses do not have cytoplasm/bacteria do have cytoplasm
Viruses are non-living while bacteria do feed/excrete/grow
Viruses use cell material of the invaded cell to reproduce themselves

11. Describe the differences in the ways that bacteria and viruses multiply
Bacteria multiply by cell division/binary fission/mitosis
Viruses insert DNA/RNA into cells

12. How does Acyclovir act as an antiviral drug
It stops virus replication
Acyclovir becomes a part of the DNA of the virus
It mimics nucleotide or guanine
Alters virus DNA
Prevents other nucleotides from attaching

13. Stops viruses from leaving the cell
Ways in which antiviral drug can prevent the HIV virus from interacting with human cells
Stops viruses from leaving the cell
Blocks reverse transcriptase + production of new viral RNA & proteins
Prevents HIV from losing its protein coat
The receptor site is modified/altered, HIV virus could not bind to cells

14. Explain why effective treatment of AIDS with antiviral drugs is difficult
HIV virus mutates rapidly
HIV metabolism linked to that of host cell
HIV uses host cell
Drugs harm host cell as well as HIV, it is difficult to target HIV without damaging host cell