3. Athletic Injuries ATC 222 The Spine Chapter 20

4. Anatomy Vertebral Column –7 cervical vertebra –12 thoracic vertebra –5 lumbar vertebra –5 sacral vertebra Intervertebral disks –annulus pulposus –nucleus pulposus Ligaments –anterior longitudinal –posterior longitudinal –supraspinous –interspinous Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

5. Anatomy

6. Motion Vertebral Column –flexion/extension –right/left lateral flexion –left/right rotation Cervical –rotation C1-C2 –flex/ext = atlanto-occipital joint Thoracic –flex/ext 20-30 degrees max Lumbar –90% flex/ext occurs at L4-L5-S1

8. Mechanisms of Injury Mechanisms: –axial loading spearing straight column –hyperflexion –hyperextension –lateral hyperflexion –rotation –combinations whip lash

10. Catastrophic Injury Catastrophic Injury –definition Warning Signs: –unconsciousness –deformity –loss of strength/movement in extremities –anesthesia/paresthesia in extremities Assessment –stabilize and calm athlete –call EMS –ABC’s

11. Specific Injuries Fractures Dislocations Strain –pain in muscle primarily –pain with AROM of muscle –pain with passive stretch of muscle –pain/weakness w/ strength testing Brachial Plexus Syndrome –C5-T1 –paresthesia, weakness –return to play criteria –treatment Prevention of Neck Injuries

12. Torticollis (Wry Neck) Definition Causes Signs and symptoms Treatment

13. Pinched Nerve Causes Signs and symptoms Treatment

14. Thoracic and Lumbar Injuries Postural deviations –kyphosis –scoliosis –lordosis causes Normal posture –ear-shoulder-hip-knee-ankle –level knees, hips, and shoulders –normal vertebral curves Congenital abnormalities –may also be mechanical –spondylolysis Vs spondylolisthesis –causes and treatment

18. Herniated Disc Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment

19. GOOD BYE