1. Challenges in Russia’s WTO Accession: A U.S. Perspective Pamela G. Quanrud Economic Minister Counselor U.S. Embassy Moscow, Russia

2. Agriculture: Subsidies & Standards  No requirement to withdraw support for farmers  Need to limit trade-distorting subsidies  Protection through non-tariff barriers discourages investment and innovation

3. IPR: Legislation & Enforcement  Lack of protection hurts innovation  Commercialization of knowledge key to future growth  Legislation good, but enforcement key

4. Legislation & Technical Regulations  Lion’s share of legislation already passed  Still pending: IPR, standards, licensing, state subsidies  Russia to review 146 technical regulations by late 2006

5. WTO Accession: In Russia’s Interest Doubles GDP/helps reform the economy Doubles GDP/helps reform the economy Brings Russia into the Global system Brings Russia into the Global system Improves living standards for Russians Improves living standards for Russians An opportunity Russia can’t afford to miss

6. Process: What remains?  Conclude bilateral negotiations and complete Working Party Report  Secretariat drafts Protocol of Accession and list of commitments; Duma must ratify  Ministerial Council approves

7. Russia’s Role in the WTO  Accession means a seat at the table  Bridge between Developing & OECD blocs  Coalition-building based on unique interests