1. High Resolution MODIS Aerosols Observations over Cities: Long Term Trends and Air Quality

2. Global Aerosol retrieval from MODIS LAND Dark Target (“DT” ocean and land) Operational at 3 and 10 km from both Terra & Aqua MODIS MAM 2013 EE%= ±(0.05 + 15%) Land Zonal average 60°N-60°S Figure by: V. Manoharan

3. Urban Retrievals in MODIS DTA Significant reduction in errors in AOD retrievals from MODIS have been achieved using C6U (or C6_Urban) Algorithm (DISCOVER-AQ, Summer 2011) Urban % Gupta et al., 2015, submitted to AMT MODIS-AQUA Data from CONUS Region

4. High resolution daily & monthly AOD Data Deep_Dark_Combined_AOD from Collection 6 Similar to Level 3 product but at 0.1x0.1 degree resolution Daily & Monthly statistics (i.e. mean, median, std, count, etc.) Data corresponding to good quality flags are only considered. Terra and Aqua Netcdf format Data can be made available to anyone, please contact at pawan.gupta@nasa.gov pawan.gupta@nasa.gov

5. Aerosol Trends

7. Source: LSE Cities based on United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, 2014 Revision Urban Population Population in the 600 cities will grow an estimated 1.6 times as fast as population of the world as whole. It is projected that by 2025, these 600 cities will be home to: 25% of the world’s working-age population 15% of the world’s children aged below 15 years. 35% of world’s older aged above 65 years. Health effects of air pollution varies for different age groups

8. Aerosols Trends over Cities 183 largest cities where ~16% world populations lives MODIS Deep Blue Dark Target Combined Product with highest quality from 2003 to 2014 from Aqua has been used to explore long term trend in the region. Each city has its own story about pollution

9. Seasonal Aerosol Trends over Indian Sub Continent MEAN AOD (2003-2007)MEAN AOD (2008-2014)(2008-2014) – (2003-2007) Pre Monsoon - FMAM Post Monsoon - ONDJ

10. Regional Contrast in Aerosols Trends IGP is highly influenced by mineral dust during premonsoon and sea salt during monsoon, while during postmonsoon fine mode aerosols dominate 2003-20072008-2014 Premonsoon Postmonsoon Aerosol Optical Depth at 550 nm Premonsoon Postmonsoon

11. Top 20 Cities with Increasing Trends in AOD Indian Cities

12. MODIS-AQUA Aerosol Optical Depth over Indian Cities

13. Delhi – The City in the News

14. Measured at US Embassy

15. Delhi – The City in the News Measured at US Embassy

16. Delhi – The City in the News Measured at US Embassy MODIS Image, Nov 30 th, 2015

17. Aerosol Transport Paths to Delhi Premonsoon Dust Transport Postmonsoon Smoke & Pollution Delhi - Jun Jaipur - Jan Delhi - Jan Jaipur - Jun Coarse fine

18. Aerosol Trends – Future Directions Aerosol trends over cities – Aerosol measurements - Satellite – Land use change (urban vs rural) - Satellite – Energy Usage – Population growth – Economical growth – Local vs Transport - Satellite – Meteorological conditions – Many more …