1. The 4th Power Places and Forms of power How reliable are our sources of information today ? The media

2. What is it ? The Fourth Estate (or fourth power) is a societal or political force or institution whose influence is not consistently or officially recognized. "Fourth Estate" most commonly refers to the news media print journalism or « the press ». The term makes implicit reference to the earlier division of the three Estates of the Realm. This term has been used in a parliamentary debate in 1787 on the opening up of press reporting of the House of Commons of Great Britain First Power : The Clergy Second Power : French Nobility Third Power : The 97% rest of the population

3. Hillsborough disaster and its aftermath BBC England 19 December 2012 Although it remains the name of the ground of one of England's famous old football clubs, since 1989 the word Hillsborough has more strongly evoked Britain's worst sporting disaster. On 15 April 1989, at the start of an FA Cup semi-final, a crush on the steel-fenced terraces of Sheffield Wednesday's stadium resulted in the death of 96 Liverpool fans and left hundreds more injured. The inquiry into the disaster, led by Lord Justice Taylor, established the main cause as a failure of police crowd control.

4. Hillsborough Tragedy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUuSHrh PQyk -> 8 mn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUuSHrh PQyk How does the reporter define the tragedy ? Was it common to have a FA cup match in Hillsborough ? How many of them were waiting to get into the ground ? Was the move smooth ? violent ? Or tense ? Were the players concerned about what was happening at the beginning ? How many minutes later were they asked to stop the match ? At this stage was the police sure of what to do ? How did people escape the pressure ?

5. Hillsborough Tragedy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUuSHrh PQyk -> 8 mn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUuSHrh PQyk Did people realize the extent of the problem ? Whose friends had been injured ? After 30 minutes what were people aware of ?

6. How reliable are our sources of information today ? Towards more transparency ? How to compare 2 texts At first sight 1. Without reading the texts, look at the names of the two authors. Say what you may know about them if they sound familiar for you. 2. Focus on the sources of both documents. From their titles, detect their nature ( informative, persuasive, imaginative ), types (extracts from …), common points and differences. 3. Focus on their dates of publication and imagine what the similarities and differences will be.

7. How reliable are our sources of information today ? Towards more transparency ? How to compare 2 texts And then 1. Read both text and take notes about the main ideas Find the key sentence which sum up the main topic in each document 2. Compare your notes with your first hypotheses 3. Focus on the similar sections on each document to prepare your comparison 4. Finally write a comparative paragraph to stress the similarities and differences between the two documents.

8. 4th power http://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/au g/16/mondaymediasection.politicsandthemed ia http://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/au g/16/mondaymediasection.politicsandthemed ia http://www.journalism.org/2015/04/29/state- of-the-news-media-2015/

9. Debate Are newspaper sites effective, or are they just a sophisticated means for stalking people? To stalk : follow obsessively Group into teams to research and argue the issue Form a strategy as to who will do most of the talking during the debate though all of you are expected to participate in the research and strategy of the debate. Then, during the preparation time in anticipation of the rebuttal, you should discuss with your teams the points the opposition might make and decide how to refute them.

10. The Shattered Glass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTeK1v6 Qx_I

11. Final Task Be a reliable journalist  Compare and select reliable information and write your own article. 1.Browse through the websites : the Guardian, The Telegraph, The New York Times, The Independent, USA today, CNN, NPR or the Huffington Post 2.Read the articles about the subject you chose. Compare and contrast the information you find. Make a list of the similarities and differences ( general message, facts, opinion, etc … )

12. Final Task Be a reliable journalist  Compare and select reliable information and write your own article. 3.Research the subject an other neutral or more serious sources and decide what information you find interesting and reliable. 4.Prepare to write your own article about the subject : organise the pieces of information you want to write about. 5.Begin your article by summing the story in a few sentences. Try to get your readers engaged. 6.Make your article unique by reaching your readers with humour, elements of surprise, a convincing tone, a good headline and a catchy photo.