1. Syntax 3rd class Chapter 4

2. Syntactic Categories 1. That glass suddenly broke. 2. A jogger ran toward the end of the lane. 3. These dead trees might block the road. 4. The detective quickly looked through the records. 5. The peaches appear quite ripe. 6. Jack will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra.

3. Review: Types of Verbs She is feeling funny. The hurricane destroyed the city last month. She gave me her car. The glass broke. Someone broke the glass. I didn’t realize that you were still here.

4. Ambiguous sentences (Structural ambiguity) I shot an elephant in my underwear. The cat chased the big dog in the park. He saw the robber with binoculars.

5. Embedded sentences I think that you should go to the party.

6. Embedded sentences Paul realized that Maria fed the baby.

7. Transformational Rules Is the man working? (surface structure) The man is working. (deep structure) Can you help me? You can help me.

8. Transformational Rules Will you talk to Peter? Should I stay? What will you talk about? What do you want?

9. Rules S  NP Aux VP NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP) PP  P NP AP  Adj (PP) CP  Comp S

10. Relative clauses The person who answers this question will win $100. I gave my hat to the nurse who helped me cut my hair. Give this fork to the person I’m getting the pie for.

11. (who) The person [(the person) answers this question] will win $100. Subject of main clause Subject of relative clause

12. The man bought my car. The man paid cash.  The man [the man bought my car] paid cash. Subject of main clause Subject of relative clause who

13. The policewoman arrested the man. I told this information to the policewoman.  The policewoman [I told this information to the policewoman] arrested the man. Subject of main clause Object of preposition who(m) /that

14. I despise the man who bought my car. I despise the man. The man bought my car.  I despise the man who bought my car.

15. The man who bought my car paid cash. S NP Aux VP Det N CP C S NP Aux VP Det N V NP V NP Det N N The man [the man +past bought my car] +past paid cash

16. The man who bought my car paid cash. S NP Aux VP Det N CP C S NP Aux VP V NP V NP Det N N The man [who t +past bought my car] +past paid cash

17. The policewoman [ that/who I told this information to]arrested the man. S NP Aux VP Det N CP CS NP Aux VP N V NP PP V NP +past Det N P NP Det N Det N The woman [I told this information to the woman] +pst arrested the man. DEEP STRUCTURE

18. The policewoman [that/who I told this information to] arrested the man. S NP Aux VP Det N CP C S NP Aux VP N V NP PP V NP Det N P NP Det N The woman [that I told this information to t] +pst arrested the man. SURFACE STRUCTURE +past