1. Turkey

2. Elif Zeynep Ünsal Ümit

3. Consonant phonemes ʋ

4. Vowel phonemes

5. FrontBack UnroundedRoundedUnroundedRounded High i (fog - sis) y (ornament - süs ) ɯ (winter - kış) u (bird - kuş) Low e (noise - ses) œ (remark - söz) a (eyebrow - kaş) o (race - koşu)

6. Consonant allophony Velar stops are realized as palatal stops before front vowels Lateral approximant is velarized after back vowels Voiced velar fricative is realized as nil Alveolar tap is realized as fricated word- initially, and voiceless fricated word-finally

7. Vowel allophony Vowel phonemes are realized as lax except before velar fricative /a/ is realized as schwa when unstressed

8. Turkish orthography

9. Other considerations Syllable-final stress Allomorphy on verb suffixes –{-mek} after stems with a front vowel –{-mak} after stems with a back vowel Doesn’t allow word-final voiced stops or affricate

10. Good websites –http://linguistics.concordia.ca/turkishvowels/http://linguistics.concordia.ca/turkishvowels/ –http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php? function=find&language=turkishhttp://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php? function=find&language=turkish –http://www.turkishdictionary.net/http://www.turkishdictionary.net/ –http://www.laits.utexas.edu/phonology/turkish/i ndex.htmlhttp://www.laits.utexas.edu/phonology/turkish/i ndex.html –Turkish phonology, morphology and syntax by Dr. Zülal Balpinar (Google books)