1. Gene Frequency and Natural Selection Presented by your lovely team: That One Class May 2014

2. A summary of Natural selection and Gene frequency Natural selection: the process when individuals with certain genotypes are more likely than individuals with other genotypes to survive and reproduce, and thus to pass on their alleles to the next generation. As Charles Darwin (1859) argued in On the Origin of Species, if the following conditions are met, natural selection must occur: 1) There is variation among individuals within a population in some trait. 2) This variation is heritable (i.e., there is a genetic basis to the variation, such that offspring tend to resemble their parents in this trait). 3) Variation in this trait is associated with variation in fitness (the average net reproduction of individuals with a given genotype relative to that of individuals with other genotypes). Gene Frequency: the variant of a gene percentage of all alleles at a given locus in a population gene pool. In other words, It is the number of copies of a particular allele divided by the number of copies of all alleles at the genetic place (locus) in a population. It is usually expressed as a percentage. In population genetics, allele frequencies are used to depict the amount of genetic diversity at the individual, population, and species level. It is also the relative proportion of all alleles of Kim

3. An example of Natural Selection Imagine a population of beetles: 1. There is variation in traits. In this case, there are two types of beetles: green and brown. 2. There is differential reproduction. There is a predator (in this case, it’s a bird) that limits the population by feeding off of the green beetles that stick out more in a desert environment. 3. There is heredity. The surviving brown beetles can continue to reproduce. 4. End result: In this particular environment, brown beetles are more advantageous and are more suited for that environment. Kim

4. An example of Gene Frequency Allele frequencies show the genetic diversity of a species population or like the richness of its gene pool. Alleles of the parent are shuffled and passed down to their offspring Dominant alleles get passed on to the next generation or offspring and tends to reveal the physical characteristics of an individual Recessive alleles do get passed, but tend to not reveal the physical characteristics within an individual. Kim

5. Materials Used during Natural Selection and Gene Frequency Natural Selection  40 Pink Pop Dots  40 Teal Pop Dots  40 Green Pop Dots  40 Orange Pop Dots  40 Blue Pop Dots  40 Red Pop Dots  40 White Pop Dots  40 Brown Pop Dots  40 Black Pop Dots  Pink and Green Stripes Environment  Pink Cell Phones Environment Devan

6. Methods of explaining the relationships between Gene Frequency and Natural selection Natural selection Devan

7. Heterozygous forecast for 12 generations between 2 teams Data provided by Ruben

8. 10% suppression data * Data from Stephanie

9. Negative 33% suppression Data by Stephanie

10. 0% suppression *Data provided by Stephanie and Kaj

11. Pumpkins data Trend positive effect on natural selection Data provided by Erica

12. Trend line of negative effects on natural selection

13. Mutation Correlation

14. Conclusion  Natural selection is a process of to survive within the its environment.  Gene Frequency is a process of genes passed down through generations through dominant and recessive genes from parent generations.  Gene frequency tends to shift towards the phenotypic version that is best suited for the current environment, while natural selection weeds out the unfit individuals and allow fit individuals to breed more increasing the number of "good" alleles.  Gene Frequency & Natural Selection comparison charts show how a species can die off by being the less adaptable gene and being more prone to attack  Our charts also demonstrate how a species can evolve to become more adaptable to its environment and show its adaptation cause it to higher rates of survival.