1. To See the Temperature Inside Microwave Thermal Imaging
Qianqian Fang
Thayer School of Engineering
Dartmouth College
Advisor: Keith Paulsen
Acknowledgement: Paul Meaney, Margaret Fanning, Dun Li, Navin Yagnamurthy

2. Magnetic Resonance Imager (T1 weighted)
Computated Tomography (CT)
MRI(T2 weighted)
MRI(PD weighted)
Single Photon/Positron Emission Computed tomography(SPECT/PET)

3. Microwave Imaging System
For thermal monitoring
Research Background
Overview of temperature detection methods
Principals and algorithm of MIS
Hardware configurations
Progress in MIS group
Phantom experiments
In Vivo experiments
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

4. Microwave Imaging System
For thermal monitoring
Research Background
Overview of temperature detection methods
Principals and algorithm of MIS
Hardware configurations
Progress in MIS group
Phantom experiments
In Vivo experiments
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

5. Research Background Medical Thermal Imaging Methods:
Invasive - Direct Measurement
Thermocouple Probes
Non-Invasive
MR(Magnetic Resonance)
Ultrasound
Microwave
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

6. Comparisons of Imaging Methods
Measure
Type
Clinical
Cost
Accuracy
Thermocouple Probes
Temperature
(Directly)
Invasive
Yes
Low
0.3~0.5 oC MR
Density of Protons
Non-invasive
High
1 oC
Ultrasound
Sound Speed No ??
Microwave
Permittivity
Conductivity
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

7. How Microwave Imaging Works
Linear Relationship between temperature and permittivity and conductivity, especially conductivity, generally there is a 1-2% increase per oC
Antenna Responses
ε and σ
Temperature
Reconstruction
Linear Relationship
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

8. Forward Problem and Inverse Problem
Scattering Problem
Inverse Scattering Problem
known
FEM FD
MoM
BEM ….
unknown
The Procedure of Reconstruction is an Inverse Scattering Problem
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

9. Overview of Algorithm Algorithm of CT Algorithm of MIS Object
Linear Reconstruction
Non-Linear Reconstruction
Object
Newton Method
FEM+BEM
Dualmesh scheme
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

10. Hardware Configurations
Theoretical Model
Snapshot
Computer Control
Antenna Array
Water Heating Pipe
Microwave Feeding Cables
Transmit /Receive Module
Animal Ventilation Pipes
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

11. Monopole Antenna Array
Dielectric Insulator
Monopole Antenna
Array Plate
Coaxial Feed Lines
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

12. CT Scanner in the Experiments
Possible Property Initial Guess
Verification of Thermal Sensor location
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

13. Microwave Imaging System
For thermal monitoring
Research Background
Overview of temperature detection methods
Principals and algorithm of MIS
Hardware Configurations
Progress in MIS group
Phantom Experiments
In Vivo Experiments
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

14. Sausage Experiment(Phantom)
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

15. Sausage Experiments Data Analysis
Conductivity
Position
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

16. Heated Saline Tube
Relative Permittivity Conductivity (S/m) Difference (Conductivity)
Heated Tube of Saline
25 0C
34.8 0C
41.8 0C
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

17. Pig Experiments(In Vivo)
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

18. Pig Experiments - Results
Reconstruction Results
Differences
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

19. Microwave Imaging System
For thermal monitoring
Research Background
Overview of temperature detection methods
Principals and algorithm of MIS
Hardware Configurations
Progress in MIS group
Phantom Experiments
In Vivo Experiments
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

20. Thermal Imaging Wizard
SSH Telnet
Interface PC
Calculation
UNIX
SSH FTP
Other Features
File Name Template
Multi-user support
Configuration Profile Structure
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001

22. Reconstruction Program Structure
Preprocessor
Phase Unwrap
Old Method
Post-processor
Qianqian Fang, Mar, 2001