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ANCIENT EGYPT & NUBIA
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EGYPT IS THE GIFT OF THE NILE
The course of the Nile Nile world’s longest river Flows more than 4,000 miles Two main sources – Blue Nile & White Nile They meet in present day Kartoum
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TWO MAIN SOURCES OF NILE
Blue Nile Rises high in highlands Thundering torrents White Nile Begins in Central Africa Flows into swamps Is calmer
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THE NILE THROUGH ANCIENT NUBIA
Nile makes two huge bends, forming an S Northern tip – city of Aswan – 1,000 mile stretch – land of Nubia Six rock-filled rapids called cataracts 1st & 2nd cataracts – lower Nubia Very little farmable land People had to live close to Nile for water supply 5th & 6th cataracts – Upper Nubia Rain falls – farm in summer and fall Farmland narrow strip – 2 miles wide
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Cataracts of the Nile River
Cataracts are natural barriers to keep people from invading. Cataracts prevented travel on river, so had to travel on land
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THE NILE THROUGH ANCIENT EGYPT
Upper Egypt – Nile ran 700 miles – fertile strip – 6 miles wide Lower Egypt – fertile marshy area In north flows into Mediterranean Sea Triangle shape called a delta – fertile farmland
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Rich, fertile soil called silt – ideal for farming
THE GIFTS OF THE NILE Rich, fertile soil called silt – ideal for farming In gratitude – Egyptians praised Hapi – god of Nile
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BLACK LAND & RED LAND Kemet – “the Black land” – because of dark soil
Did not have to worry about flash flooding “Red Land” – the vast desert – Sahara – useless for farming Hot sands shielded Egypt & Nubia from foreign attack Nile Valley a path for trade with Central Africa Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea provided access to SW Asia
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BLACK LAND & RED LAND BLACK LAND RED LAND
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CIVILIZATIONS ALONG THE NILE
Communities appeared around 4,000 B.C. – Lower Egypt Homes build of straw or brick made from straw and mud Nubian communities around 3,800 B.C. Farming was difficult – fished – hunted duck and other birds along the water
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Straw & Mud House Houses made of mud and straw.
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GROWTH OF TRADE Nile highway for trade
Ship float downriver because Nile flowed north Sail upriver – winds blew toward south Caravans – loaded with gold, silver, copper, pottery Valuable goods – cedar, gold – sold in bazaars Cataracts prevented travel on river – developed trade routes over land “throw-stick” – African version of a boomerang
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“Throw-stick” African Boomerang
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