1. Ch 26 The Sun & the Solar System Review

2. Name & describe the location of the layers of the sun. What happens in each layer? How does the temperature change? Describe the sun’s rotation. What are sunspots? Why do they appear dark? How long is one cycle? What is solar wind? What happens during fusion? How many hydrogen nuclei are needed? How many helium nuclei form? What is released? Where does fusion occur in the sun? What happens to charged nuclei in plasma? Why? Know how to calculate eccentricity. What is the “celestial sphere”? Who developed the geocentric model of the universe? What does the geocentric model state? Who developed the heliocentric model of the universe? What does the heliocentric model state? What is retrograde motion? Why do we observe retrograde motion? Who came up with the 3 laws of planetary motion? What does each law state/describe? What shape are the planets’ orbits? Who discovered this? Who described gravity & its effects on the planets? Which two factors affect the gravitation attraction between objects? How do they affect gravitational attraction? What is aphelion? What is perihelion?

3. Ptolemy developed the _________________ model of the universe.

4. geocentric

5. Copernicus described the ________________ model of the solar system.

6. heliocentric

7. When a planet appears to move westward in the sky instead of eastward, we call this ___________________________?

8. Retrograde motion

9. Ancient observers believed that the stars traveled around earth on a transparent _________________________________.

10. Celestial sphere

11. The Earth was in the center of the universe in the _________________ model.

12. geocentric

13. The ____________ was in the center of the solar system in the heliocentri model.

14. sun

15. ___________ proposed 3 laws of planetary motion based on the work of his predecessor Tycho Brahe. – A. Newton – B. Galileo – C. Kepler – D. Copernicus – E. Brahe – F. Ptolemy

16. – C. Kepler

17. What shape describes the path of a planet’s orbit?

18. A (nearly circular) ellipse

19. ______________ determined that gravity kept planets in their orbits. – A. Newton – B. Galileo – C. Kepler – D. Copernicus – E. Brahe – F. Ptolemy

20. – A. Newton

21. _______________ determined that planetary orbits were actually elliptical. – A. Newton – B. Galileo – C. Kepler – D. Copernicus – E. Brahe – F. Ptolemy

22. – C. Kepler

23. When Earth is closest to the sun it is called ___________. – A. Aphelion – B. Perihelion

24. B. Perihelion

25. When Earth is farthest from the sun it is called ___________. – A. Aphelion – B. Perihelion

26. – A. Aphelion

27. Which layer of the sun is visible & radiates the light that we see? – A. core – B. radiative zone – C. convection zone – D. photosphere – E. chromosphere – F. corona

28. – D. photosphere

29. The ________ is the outermost layer of the sun. – A. core – B. radiative zone – C. convection zone – D. photosphere – E. chromosphere – F. corona

30. F. corona

31. The _________ is the innermost layer of the sun. – A. core – B. radiative zone – C. convection zone – D. photosphere – E. chromosphere – F. corona

32. A. core

33. The ________ is the inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere & lies above the photosphere. – A. core – B. radiative zone – C. convection zone – D. photosphere – E. chromosphere – F. corona

34. – E. chromosphere

35. The l ies around the core, is in the plasma state, & is cooler than the core. – A. core – B. radiative zone – C. convection zone – D. photosphere – E. chromosphere – F. corona

36. B. radiative zone

37. In the ______________ rising & falling currents of plasma carry energy to the sun’s surface where it is radiated out into space as sunlight. – A. core – B. radiative zone – C. convection zone – D. photosphere – E. chromosphere – F. corona

38. – C. convection zone

39. The corona gives off a stream of electrically charged particles called ____________. – A. granules – B. sun spots – C. solar wind – D. solar flares – E. solar prominences

40. C. solar wind

41. Sunspots are dark spots on the photosphere. The reason they appear dark is because they are (cooler/hotter) than the surrounding area.

42. cooler

43. On average, sunspot activity is at it’s peak every _________ years.

44. 11

45. Dense clouds of material suspended above the sun’s surface by magnetic fields that can erupt off the sun in a few minutes or hours, extending 1000s of km before falling back to the sun’s surface are ________________. – A. granules – B. sun spots – C. solar wind – D. solar flares – E. solar prominences

47. ____________ are o tbursts of light that suddenly rise from areas of sunspot activity & can last minutes to hours & increase in # with an increase in the # of sunspots. – A. granules – B. sun spots – C. solar wind – D. solar flares – E. solar prominences

48. D. solar flares

49. In the photosphere ____________ which are the tops of the convection currents & May be 1,000 km wide & may last 20 minutes. – A. granules – B. sun spots – C. solar wind – D. solar flares – E. solar prominences

50. A. granules

51. Retrograde motion is observed because ____________.

52. Planets orbit at different speeds (& one planet overtakes the other in its orbit)

53. The distance and period of a planet can be calculated using the 3 rd Law of planetary motion. Another name for this law is: – A. Equal area law – B. Harmonic law

54. Harmonic law

55. The gravitational attraction between two objects will be greatest is the objects have a (large/small) amount of mass and are (close together/far apart).

56. Large & close together

57. ____________ atoms join together in the sun’s core to form Helium.

58. Hydrogen

59. When atoms combine for form heavier elements it is called: – Fission – fusion

60. fusion

61. Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements: d = 5 cm L = 5 cm Is there anything special about this ellipse?

62. e = 1 It is a straight line.

63. Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements: d = 0 cm L = 25 cm Is there anything special about this ellipse?

64. e = 0 It is a perfect circle.

65. Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements: d = 15 cm L = 30 cm Is there anything special about this ellipse?

66. e = 0.5