1. Communication

2. Meaning & definition……
The word communication has been derived from the latin word “communis” which means ‘common’ thus, communication means sharing of ideas in common
It refers to the exchange of ideas, feelings, emotions,knowledge and information b/w two or more persons. .

3. Following standard definitions will help us to understand the meaning of communication in management.
Keith davis-”communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another.
The American management association-any behaviour that results in an exchange of meaning”.

4. characteristics: nature of communication
it involves at least two persons. Message is a must. Communication may be written, oral or gestural Comm. Is a two way process. Its primary purpose is to motivate a response. Comm. May be formal or informal. It flows up & down & also from side to side. It is an integral part of the process of exchange.

5. Elements of communication
Communicator
Comunicatee
Message
Communication channel
Response or feedback

6. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

7. SENDER
A Sender is a person who intends to convey or transit a message . Formulates a clear idea about facts , opinions , or information.

8. ENCODING OF MESSAGE
The idea is then translated by him into words (spoken or written ), symbols or some other form of message which he expects the receiver to understand .

9. CHANNELS (ORAL, WRITTEN,SYMBOL, ETC.)

10. RECEIVER
The message is then received by the communicate he tries to understand it by decoding the message .

11. FEEDBACK
Finally , the effectiveness of communication is measured trough feedback . If the communication brings in the desired changes in the actions or behaviour of the receiver , it is said to be a successful communication

12. NEED OR PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
To keep employees informed.
To make each employee interested in his representative job.
Without communication we cannot live or work together .
It helps management in planning effectively and controlling efficiently .

13. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Basis of decision making .
Smooth and efficient working of organization .
Facilitates co-ordination.
Increase managerial efficiency .
Promotes co-operation .

14. Helps in establishing effective leadership .
Motivation and morale
Increase managerial capacity
Effective control.
Job satisfaction .
Democratic management.
Increase productivity and reduce cost .
Public relations.

15. Methods or types of communication.

16. On the basis of organisational structure
FORMAL COMMUINICATION
communication or grapevine

17. On the basis of flow or direction
Horizontal comm.
Upward comm.
Downward comm.
manager
manager
foreman
foreman
worker
worker

18. On the basis of media or expression
Oral comm.
Gestural /non.verbal comm.
Written comm.

19. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION:
HURDLES OR DISTORTIONS IN AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

20. TYPES OF BARRIERS: BARRIERS D M I E S S T O A R G N RECIEVER B
SENDER A
BARRIERS
PHYSICAL
PERSONAL
LANGUAGE OR SEMANTIC
SUPERIOR-SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIP
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
INADEQUATE ATTENTION
PREMATURE EVALUATION
EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
LACK OF MUTUAL TRUST
OTHERS D I S T O R N M E S A G

21. OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION:
CLARITY AND COMPLETENESS
PROPER LANGUAGE
SOUND ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
ORIENTATION OF EMPLOYEES
EMPATHATIC LISTENING AND AVOID PREMATURE EVALUATION

22. MOTIVATION AND MUTUAL CONFIDENCE
CONSISTENT BEHAVIOUR
USE OF GRAPEVINE
FEEDBACK
GESTURES AND TONE