1. PROGRESSIVE REFORM Chapter 9 1890-1920

2. Origins of Progressivism Socialist: Economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control. Wanted wealth distributed equally. Socialist: Economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control. Wanted wealth distributed equally. Union Members/Labor Movement: Wanted economic change, but focused on workers rights. Union Members/Labor Movement: Wanted economic change, but focused on workers rights. Municipal Reformers: Wanted reform in civil services. Based on merit instead of favors to eliminate corruption. Municipal Reformers: Wanted reform in civil services. Based on merit instead of favors to eliminate corruption.

3. Muckrakers Definition: Journalists that alerted the public of wrongdoings in government or businesses. Definition: Journalists that alerted the public of wrongdoings in government or businesses. Exposed slumlords, sweatshops, Standard Oil, political corruption in cities, etc. Exposed slumlords, sweatshops, Standard Oil, political corruption in cities, etc. The Jungle: Book published in 1906 by Upton Sinclair exposing the horrors of the meat packing industry. The Jungle: Book published in 1906 by Upton Sinclair exposing the horrors of the meat packing industry. Excerpt from The Jungle Excerpt from The Jungle Ida Tarbell: revealed the abuses of Standard Oil trust Ida Tarbell: revealed the abuses of Standard Oil trust

5. Goals of Progressives Most Progressives were not extreme reformist, but did want to clean the government up of corruption and improve life of the common man. Most Progressives were not extreme reformist, but did want to clean the government up of corruption and improve life of the common man. Government must get more involved in economic and social programs. Government must get more involved in economic and social programs. Labor laws Labor laws Insurance Insurance Unemployment Unemployment Social Security Social Security Other social reforms that would ensure a basic standard of living Other social reforms that would ensure a basic standard of living

6. Progressive Legislation Urban Reforms: Urban Reforms: “Old” Bosses vs. Reformers. Some times the Reformers were successful, sometimes not. “Old” Bosses vs. Reformers. Some times the Reformers were successful, sometimes not. City owned utilities. Prevent monopolies. City owned utilities. Prevent monopolies. Welfare Services Welfare Services

7. State Reforms Wanted to limit corruption by giving voters more say in lawmaking Wanted to limit corruption by giving voters more say in lawmaking Working conditions improved Working conditions improved Safer working conditions Safer working conditions Labor laws Labor laws Accident insurance Accident insurance

8. Federal Reforms Regulate food and drug industries Regulate food and drug industries Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 (make sure that impure food is not transported and make sure food is properly labeled) Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 (make sure that impure food is not transported and make sure food is properly labeled) Regulate the railroads Regulate the railroads Anti-trust Activism: prevent large companies from taking control of smaller companies and creating monopolies Anti-trust Activism: prevent large companies from taking control of smaller companies and creating monopolies Sherman Anti Trust Act: 1890 Sherman Anti Trust Act: 1890 Clayton Anti Trust Act: 1914 (Passed to strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act) Clayton Anti Trust Act: 1914 (Passed to strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act) Spelled out specifically what business could not do Spelled out specifically what business could not do Federal Government regulate business. From this, the Federal Trade Commission was created to help in doing this. Federal Government regulate business. From this, the Federal Trade Commission was created to help in doing this.

9. Federal Reforms (Cont.) New Labor Department that would benefit women and children. New Labor Department that would benefit women and children. New Constitutional Amendments New Constitutional Amendments 16 th Amendment (1913): Collect income tax 16 th Amendment (1913): Collect income tax 17 th Amendment (1913): Election of Senators (people, not legislators elect senators) 17 th Amendment (1913): Election of Senators (people, not legislators elect senators) 18 th Amendment (1919): Prohibition 18 th Amendment (1919): Prohibition Environment Protection Environment Protection National Parks National Parks Land and water use Land and water use See page 294 in text book

10. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” Government intervention Government intervention Resolution of wage dispute between mine owners and miners Resolution of wage dispute between mine owners and miners Became a slogan for his presidency Became a slogan for his presidency

11. Progressive Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt New Nationalism New Nationalism Howard Taft Howard Taft Carried on TR’s reforms, but not as successful as TR and a division in the Republican party developed Carried on TR’s reforms, but not as successful as TR and a division in the Republican party developed

12. Theodore Roosevelt/ Howard Taft Theodore Roosevelt

13. Election of 1912 4 Way Election 4 Way Election Howard Taft: Republican Candidate Howard Taft: Republican Candidate Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive (Bull Moose) Candidate Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive (Bull Moose) Candidate Eugene V. Debs: Socialist Candidate Eugene V. Debs: Socialist Candidate Woodrow Wilson: Democrat Candidate Woodrow Wilson: Democrat Candidate New Freedom Policy: Wanted reform, but criticized big business and big government New Freedom Policy: Wanted reform, but criticized big business and big government Won the election due to Republican split Won the election due to Republican split

14. Woodrow Wilson

15. Wilson’s Policies Created the Federal Trade Commission in 1914: Set up fair trade laws and enforced antitrust laws. Created the Federal Trade Commission in 1914: Set up fair trade laws and enforced antitrust laws. Federal Reserve System in 1913: Banking rules and federal national currency (Federal Reserve note). Federal Reserve System in 1913: Banking rules and federal national currency (Federal Reserve note). Federal Farm Loan Board: Loans to farmers at a reduced rate. Federal Farm Loan Board: Loans to farmers at a reduced rate. Less active in social policies such as racial or sexual equality. Less active in social policies such as racial or sexual equality.

16. End to Progressivism Ended in August 1914 when war broke out in Europe and people focused on war, not reform. Ended in August 1914 when war broke out in Europe and people focused on war, not reform. Progressivism brought about good reforms, but had its limitations. Progressivism brought about good reforms, but had its limitations. Focused on cities Focused on cities Problems of tenant and migrant farmers not addressed Problems of tenant and migrant farmers not addressed Non-union workers not represented Non-union workers not represented Support Imperialism Support Imperialism Limited to mainly white/male population Limited to mainly white/male population

17. Fight that Remained Suffrage for Women (section 4) Suffrage for Women (section 4)

18. Early Advancements Women met at Seneca Falls, NY (1848) Women met at Seneca Falls, NY (1848) Outlined their demands related to women’s rights Outlined their demands related to women’s rights Newspaper article Newspaper article Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Worked tirelessly on attaining suffrage for women Worked tirelessly on attaining suffrage for women Jailed and fined for efforts to advance women’s rights Jailed and fined for efforts to advance women’s rights Formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) 1892 Formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) 1892

19. By 1900, women earned the right to… By 1900, women earned the right to… Buy, sell, and will property Buy, sell, and will property Many started to demand the right to vote under the 14 th and 15 th Amendment Many started to demand the right to vote under the 14 th and 15 th Amendment Anti suffrage movement began Anti suffrage movement began Women had enough power without the right to vote Women had enough power without the right to vote Would make women too masculine Would make women too masculine Women would vote for prohibition Women would vote for prohibition

20. Attempts at Suffrage Get an amendment to the Constitution passed Get an amendment to the Constitution passed Get the individual states to allow women to vote Get the individual states to allow women to vote More successful, especially in the West More successful, especially in the West Congress either stalled the vote or did not recognize the bill Congress either stalled the vote or did not recognize the bill 1868-1 st attempt 1868-1 st attempt 1878-2 nd attempt 1878-2 nd attempt Not debated until 1887 Not debated until 1887 Bill introduced every year after that until 1896, then disappeared Bill introduced every year after that until 1896, then disappeared Resurfaced again in 1913 Resurfaced again in 1913

21. Suffrage in the 1910’s Women voting was becoming more accepted Women voting was becoming more accepted Needed new leadership to reorganize and push through legislation Needed new leadership to reorganize and push through legislation Carrie Chapman Catt Carrie Chapman Catt Alice Paul and Lucy Burns Alice Paul and Lucy Burns Used parades to communicate messages Used parades to communicate messages Split in the suffrage movement Split in the suffrage movement Congressional Union (CU): Paul and Burns Congressional Union (CU): Paul and Burns Militant Militant Due to extremists actions, jailed Due to extremists actions, jailed NAWSA: Catt NAWSA: Catt Condemned the CU Condemned the CU

22. Suffrage At Last! By 1917, NAWSA had over 2 million members By 1917, NAWSA had over 2 million members Eastern states, led by NY, started voting for women’s suffrage Eastern states, led by NY, started voting for women’s suffrage WWI halted women’s movement WWI halted women’s movement 1918: Congress proposed the Women’s Suffrage Amendment 1918: Congress proposed the Women’s Suffrage Amendment Tennessee became the necessary 36 th state to ratify Tennessee became the necessary 36 th state to ratify

23. August 24, 1920: 19 th Amendment Ratified

24. Michigan Department of Education High School Content Expectations U.S. History and Geography 6.3.2a 6.3.2a 6.3.2b 6.3.2b 6.3.2c 6.3.2c 6.3.2d 6.3.2d 6.3.2e 6.3.2e 6.3.3 6.3.3