1. APUSH Key Concept 4.2 Part I-III Unit 4 Board Notes-Day 3

2. Textile Industry Samuel Slater – advanced cotton spinner, opens factory in 1790Samuel Slater – advanced cotton spinner, opens factory in 1790 Improved British technology and cheaper laborImproved British technology and cheaper labor Francis Cabot Lowell’s Waltham FactoryFrancis Cabot Lowell’s Waltham Factory 1830s, 40,000 N.E. farm girls in factories1830s, 40,000 N.E. farm girls in factories Improved technology, female labor, and tariff protection benefited the Boston CompaniesImproved technology, female labor, and tariff protection benefited the Boston Companies

3. Younger generation of Americans voting.Younger generation of Americans voting. Wars are over, and era or prosperity ahead.Wars are over, and era or prosperity ahead. Paintings by Stuart, Peale and Trumbull.Paintings by Stuart, Peale and Trumbull. Fictionalized biographies of American heroes.Fictionalized biographies of American heroes. Expanding public schools which promoted patriotism and nationalism expand.Expanding public schools which promoted patriotism and nationalism expand.

4. Fears of British good being dumped after the war led to high tariffs called Protective Tariffs.Fears of British good being dumped after the war led to high tariffs called Protective Tariffs. Tariff of 1816Tariff of 1816 American SystemAmerican System –Protective Tariffs –A national bank –Internal improvements

6. Cumberland (National Road), 1811(completed 1850s)

7. The Canal Systems By 1840, canals connect all major lakes and rivers east of Mississippi.By 1840, canals connect all major lakes and rivers east of Mississippi. Lower food prices in the East.Lower food prices in the East. More immigrants settling in the West.More immigrants settling in the West. Result: Stronger economic ties between two sections.Result: Stronger economic ties between two sections.

8. Principal Canals in 1840

9. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

10. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle (during War of 1812)

11. Oliver Evans First prototype of the locomotive First automated flour mill

12. John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

13. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

14. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine

16. Corporations for Raising Capital General Incorporation Law (NY 1848)  passed in New York to raise capital (money) by selling shares of stock. Laissez faire  BUT, govt. did much to assist capitalism! Owners of a corporation only risk initial investment. This facilitates large sums of capital raised for factories, canals, and RR.

17. Why New England? Abundant waterpowerAbundant waterpower Excellent seaports for shipping goodsExcellent seaports for shipping goods Plentiful capital available for investingPlentiful capital available for investing Decline of farming in North = + labor supplyDecline of farming in North = + labor supply NY, NJ & PA follow NE’s lead.NY, NJ & PA follow NE’s lead. Factory system encourages banking and insuranceFactory system encourages banking and insurance

18. The Early Union Movement Workingman’s Party (1829) * Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City. Early trade (or craft) unions were usually local, social, and weak starting in 1790s. Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842). Goals of Unions: Reduce the workday to 10 hours, better pay, and better working conditions. Obstacles: replacement workers (immigrants), state laws against unions, economic depressions

20. Regional Specialization EAST  Industrial SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

21. American Population Centers in 1820

22. American Population Centers in 1860

23. Population Growth 1800-25 population doubles. Then again.1800-25 population doubles. Then again. High birthrateHigh birthrate UK and German migration after 1830.UK and German migration after 1830. Non-whites decline from 20% to 15% of total pop. Why?Non-whites decline from 20% to 15% of total pop. Why? By 1830s, 1/3 of pop. live west of Alleghenies (PA) mountainsBy 1830s, 1/3 of pop. live west of Alleghenies (PA) mountains

24. National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 Why now?