1. Orangutans -- Apes  Found in heavily forested areas of Borneo and Sumatra.  Almost completely arboreal.  males = 200 lbs, females = 100 lbs  Pronounced sexual dimorphism.  Solitary  Principally FRUGIVOROUS (fruit-eating).

2. Gorillas -- Apes Largest of the living primates. Confined to forested regions of central Africa. Males can weigh up to 400 pounds, females 200 pounds. Primarily terrestrial, using a posture called “knuckle – walking”. Groups consist of one large silverback male, a few adult females, and their subadult offspring.

3. Chimpanzees -- Apes  Found in equatorial Africa.  Anatomically similar to gorillas particularly in limb proportions and upper-body shape.  Locomotion includes knuckle-walking on the ground and brachiation in the trees.  Eat a variety of plant and animal foods.  Large communities of as many as 50 individuals.

4. Bonobos -- Apes  Only found in an area south of the Zaire River.  Population is believed to only number a few thousand individuals.  Exploit the same foods as chimps, including occasional small mammals.  Male-female bonds constitute the societal core.  Sexuality includes frequent copulations throughout the female's estrous cycle.

5. Gibbons and Siamangs …also apes!!  Found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia.  Adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches.  Diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects.  Basic social unit is a monogamous pair and their offspring.  Males and females delineate their territories with whoops and “songs”. White- handed Gibbon Siamang

6. Humans (Homo sapiens)  The only living species in the family Hominidae.  Human teeth are typical primate teeth.  Two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars on each side in both upper and lower jaws: 2.1.2.3 (32 teeth total)  Dependence on vision for orientation to the world  Flexible limbs and grasping hands  Omnivorous diet  Cognitive abilities are the result of dramatic increases in brain size.  Bipedal