1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON 220 KV GSS UDAIPUR
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY :-

2. ABOUT R.R.V.P.N.L
Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited(RVPN) has been established under companies Act 1956 by Govt. of Rajasthan and registered with Registrar of Companies as "RAJASTHAN RAJYA VIDYUT PRASARAN NIGAM LIMITED" of with its Registered Office at VIDYUT BHAWAN, JYOTI NAGAR, JAIPUR.The granted RVPN a license for transmission and bulk supply and RVPN has discharging its function as a Transmission and Bulk Supply License in the State.

3. Construction and Maintenance of EHV lines and Grid Sub-stations
The main functions carried out by RVPN :-
Construction and Maintenance of EHV lines and Grid Sub-stations
SLDC operation.
Sharing of power from jointly owned projects

4. LAYOUT OF GSS

5. Instrument Transformer Potential Transformer C.T. Buchholz Relay
EQUIPMENTS OF SUB STATION
Isolater
Wave trap
Bus bar
Lightning Arrester
Circuit breaker
Power Transformer
Instrument Transformer
Potential Transformer
C.T.
Buchholz Relay
Earthing
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)

6. ISOLATERS :
Isolators are designed to open a ckt under no load. Its main purpose is to isolate portion of ckt from the other & is not intended to be opened while current is flowing in the line.
There are two types of isolators:-
off load isolators
on load isolators

7. DIAGRAM OF ISOLATOR

8. To prevent high frequency signals from entering other zones.
Wave Trap:-
To prevent high frequency signals from entering other zones.

9. BUSBARS
DEFINITION:- A bus bar is a conducting bar that carries heavy currents to supply several electric circuits. Bus bars are copper rod or thin walled tubes and operate at constant voltage.
TYPES OF BUSBARS:-
Main busbar
Auxiliary busbar
One busbar is main busbar & another is spare or auxilary busbar.

10. Lightning Arrester :-
To discharge lightning over voltages and switching over voltages to earth.

11. A circuit breaker is a piece of equipment which can:-
CIRCUIT BREAKER & CLASSIFICATIONS
A circuit breaker is a piece of equipment which can:-
break a ckt automatically under fault conditions.
make a ckt either manually or by remote control under fault conditions.
PRINCIPLE:- A ckt breaker essentially consists of fixed & moving contacts, called electrodes under normal operating conditions, these contacts remain closed & will not open automatically until & unless the systems becomes faulty. When a fault occurs on any part of the system, the trip coils of the breaker get energised & the moving contacts are pulled apart by some mechanism.

12. CLASSIFICATION:- Sulphur Hexa Fluoride circuit breakers
oil circuit breakers
Sulphur Hexa Fluoride circuit breakers
Air-Blast circuit breakers
vaccum circuit breakers
Under training SF6 type, vaccum ckt breaker & Air-Blast ckt breakers were used in the GSS.

13. POWER TRANSFORMERS
Transformer is an electrical machine which works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It transfers electric power from one electric ckt to other with the help magnetic path(flux) on constant frequency but equal or different current voltages. For this purpose two sets of insulated windings are wounded on a close terminated steel core. The winding which is connected to the supply is called primary winding & that winding is connected to the load is called secondary winding.

14. Winding(H.V winding, L.V winding, tertiary winding) Tap changer Tank
MAIN PARTS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS:-
Core
Winding(H.V winding, L.V winding, tertiary winding)
Tap changer
Tank
Conservator
Buchholz relay
Dehydrating breather
Oil temperature indicator
Winding temperature indicator

15. POWER TRANSFORMER PICTURE

16. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
Instrument transformers are used for measurement and protective applications together with equipments such as meters & relays.
The lines in a station are operated at high voltages and carry currents of thousands of amperes. The measuring and protective devices are designed for low voltage generally 100v and currents about 5A, therefore they will not work satisfactory if mounted on the power lines. This difficulty can be overcome by using instrument transformers, which will step down the voltages and currents to the convenient level for the operation of measuring instruments & relays.

17. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
Potential transformers are instrument transformers. They have a large number of secondary turns and a fewer number of primary turns. They are used to increase the range of voltmeters in electrical substations and generating stations. These are also called as voltage transformers used for line and circuit protections.

18. DIAGRAM OF PT’s

19. The objective of C.T. is :- Reduce the scale of the metering scale.
Current transformer
Current transformer is used for measurement of alternating electric current.
The objective of C.T. is :-
Reduce the scale of the metering scale.
Insulated the measuring instrument from
voltage.
Used for protective system

20. DIAGRAM OF CT’s

21. BUCHHOLZ RELAY
Definition:- Buchholz relay is a gas actuated relay. It can only be fitted to the transformers equipped with conservator tanks as it is installed in b/w the conservator tank and the main tank i.e., the pipe connecting the two.
Principle:- Whenever a fault occurs inside the transformers, the oil of the tank gets overheated and gases are generated.
The heat generated by the high local current causes the transformer oil to decompose and produce gas which can be used to detect the faults.

22. DIAGRAM OF BUCHHOLZ REALY

23. Methods of earthing arrangements at 220kv GSS: pipe earthing
Connection of an electric equipment to the earth with the help of connecting rod or wire of negligible resistance is known as earthing.
Methods of earthing arrangements at 220kv GSS:
pipe earthing
plate earthing

24. POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
For exchange of data’s and transfer message between grid substation voice communication is necessary for this purpose high frequency carrier current is transmitted on same transmission line on which power is transmitted.
Hence such communication is called “power line communication

25. POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION PICTURE

26. Conclusion.
Design of sub station involves a number of complexities and detailed engineering.
A judicious approach in tackling various problems is required on the part of design engineers as well as the suppliers of various equipments so as to achieve trouble free operation of power system.

27. Thank you