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4. Differential Association Theory Control Theory Labeling Theory The Symbolic Interactionalist Perspective Deviance, Social Control, and Crime > The Symbolic Interactionalist Perspective Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_section_66&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless

5. In criminology, differential association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland. Differential association theory proposes that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. Differential association predicts that an individual will choose the criminal path when the balance of definitions for law-breaking exceeds those for law-abiding. One critique leveled against differential association stems from the idea that people can be independent, rational actors and individually motivated. Differential Association Theory Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-0205096549- 9780205096541/deviance-social-control-and-crime-8/the-symbolic-interactionalist-perspective-66/differential-association-theory-393- 8939?campaign_content=book_5889_section_66&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bou ndless Criminal Silhouette View on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime > The Symbolic Interactionalist Perspective

6. Control theory advances the proposition that weak bonds between the individual and society allow people to deviate. Establishing strong social bonds, such as family ties or close community groups, will prevent crime. According to Travis Hirschi, people will conform to a group when they believe they have more to gain from conformity than by deviance. Decentralized control or market control is typically maintained through factors such as price, competition, or market share. Centralized control such as bureaucratic control is typically maintained through administrative or hierarchical techniques such as creating standards or policies. Mixed control is typically maintained by keeping a set of values and beliefs or norms and traditions. Control Theory Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-0205096549- 9780205096541/deviance-social-control-and-crime-8/the-symbolic-interactionalist-perspective-66/control-theory-394- 8938?campaign_content=book_5889_section_66&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bou ndless Control Strategy View on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime > The Symbolic Interactionalist Perspective

7. George Herbert Mead posited that the self is socially constructed and reconstructed through the interactions which each person has with the community. Thus, if the community labels an individual as "deviant", the individual will integrate this label into his sense of self. A social role is a set of expectations we have about a behavior. They are necessary for the organization and functioning of any society or group. Deviant roles are very special roles that society provides for deviant behavior. Mental illness and homosexuality are two examples of labels given to individual displaying deviant behavior. People who believe in hard labeling believe that mental illness does not exist. According to them, these illnesses are entirely socially constructed when we attach the label "mentally ill" to a behavior. Soft labeling supporters believe that mental illnesses are not socially constructed. Labeling Theory Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-0205096549- 9780205096541/deviance-social-control-and-crime-8/the-symbolic-interactionalist-perspective-66/labeling-theory-395- 8117?campaign_content=book_5889_section_66&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bou ndless Social roles View on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime > The Symbolic Interactionalist Perspective

8. People who believe in hard labeling believe that mental illness does not exist - they are entirely socially constructed. Soft labeling supporters believe that mental illnesses are not socially constructed. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-0205096549- 9780205096541/deviance-social-control-and-crime-8/the-symbolic-interactionalist-perspective-66/labeling-theory-395- 8117?campaign_content=book_5889_section_66&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bou ndless Deviance, Social Control, and Crime > The Symbolic Interactionalist Perspective

9. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

10. Key terms control theory The theory states that behavior is caused not by outside stimuli, but by what a person wants most at any given time. According to control theory, weak social systems result in deviant behavior. deviance Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms, such as laws or the norm that discourages public nose-picking. Deviant roles Labeling theory concerns itself mostly not with the normal roles that define our lives, but with those very special roles that society provides for deviant behavior. differential association a theory in criminology developed by Edwin Sutherland, proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior Differential Association Theory This theory predicts that an individual will choose the criminal path when the balance of definitions for law-breaking exceeds those for law-abiding. Edwin Sutherland Considered as one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century. He was a sociologist of the symbolic interactionist school of thought and is best known for defining white-collar crime and differential association—a general theory of crime and delinquency. Labeling theory Labeling theory is closely related to social-construction and symbolic-interaction analysis. social role Labeling theory concerns itself mostly not with the normal roles that define our lives, but with those very special roles that society provides for deviant behavior, called deviant roles, stigmatic roles, or social stigma. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime

11. Social roles. A social role is a set of expectations we have about a behavior. Social roles are necessary for the organization and functioning of any society or group. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Social Roles." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Social_Roles.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Social_Roles.jpgView on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime

12. Sociology - Labelling theory Short presentation on labeling theory. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime

13. Criminal Silhouette Differential association theory predicts that an individual will choose the criminal path when the balance of definitions for law-breaking exceeds those for law-abiding. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Criminal Silhouette L." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Criminal_Silhouette_L.svg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Criminal_Silhouette_L.svgView on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime

14. Control Strategy Control theory advances the proposition that weak bonds between the individual and society allow people to deviate. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Control Strategy." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Control_Strategy.jpeg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Control_Strategy.jpegView on Boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime Why is Sutherland's theory applicable to corporate and organized crime? A) Because Sutherland has studied corporate and organized crime in detail B) Because the principal part of learning criminal behavior occurs within personal groups C) Because his approach does not understand individuals as independent and rational actors D) Because its focus is on crime as learned behavior rather than practical motives

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Deviance, Social Control, and Crime Why is Sutherland's theory applicable to corporate and organized crime? A) Because Sutherland has studied corporate and organized crime in detail B) Because the principal part of learning criminal behavior occurs within personal groups C) Because his approach does not understand individuals as independent and rational actors D) Because its focus is on crime as learned behavior rather than practical motives

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime Travis Hirschi argued that people follow norms because they have a bond with society. Which of the following is NOT an element of these social bonds? A) Opportunity B) Attachment C) Belief D) Competition

18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Deviance, Social Control, and Crime Travis Hirschi argued that people follow norms because they have a bond with society. Which of the following is NOT an element of these social bonds? A) Opportunity B) Attachment C) Belief D) Competition

19. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime All of the following are assumptions of labeling theory EXCEPT A) Limited social shaming can prevent social deviance B) Labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies C) An individual's behavior may be influenced by terms used to describe him or her D) Crime and social deviance are inherent tendency of individuals

20. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Deviance, Social Control, and Crime All of the following are assumptions of labeling theory EXCEPT A) Limited social shaming can prevent social deviance B) Labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies C) An individual's behavior may be influenced by terms used to describe him or her D) Crime and social deviance are inherent tendency of individuals

21. Attribution Wikibooks. "Introduction to Sociology/Deviance." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Deviance#Labeling_TheoryCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Deviance#Labeling_Theory Wikipedia. "social role." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social%20roleCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social%20role Wikipedia. "Deviant roles." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviant%20rolesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviant%20roles Wikipedia. "Labeling theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeling%20theoryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeling%20theory Wikipedia. "Control theory (sociology)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory_(sociology)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory_(sociology) Wikipedia. "Deviance (sociology)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviance_%2528sociology%2529#Control_theoryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviance_%2528sociology%2529#Control_theory Wiktionary. "deviance." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/devianceCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deviance Wikipedia. "control theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/control%20theoryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/control%20theory Wikipedia. "Differential association." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_associationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association Wikipedia. "Differential association." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_associationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association Wikipedia. "Differential Association Theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20Association%20TheoryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20Association%20Theory Wikipedia. "Edwin Sutherland." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20SutherlandCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20Sutherland Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Deviance, Social Control, and Crime