1. Central Processing Unit CPU or Processor

2. Central Processing Unit Components Control Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit

3. Central Processing Unit Control Unit Reads & Interprets Program Instructions Directs the Operation of the Processor Controls the flow of programs and data into and out of memory

4. Central Processing Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Logic:Comparisons

5. Central Processing Unit Machine Cycle FetchDecodeExecuteStore

6. Central Processing Unit Fetch Calls an instruction into memory

7. Central Processing Unit Decode Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

8. Central Processing Unit Execute Does the decoded instruction Add 2+2

9. Central Processing Unit Store Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another instruction

10. Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard It paces the machine cycle

11. Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle Measured in MHz or GHz Megahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/sec Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

12. Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by the MHz or GHz Example: (800 MHz CPU) 1/800,000,000 = 0.00000000125 or 1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth) (1.25 billionths of a second)

13. Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle The shorter the clock cycle the faster the processor

14. Central Processing Unit Pipelining Executing multiple instructions at the same time FETCHDECODEEXECUTESTORE Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Instruction 4

15. Central Processing Unit Parallel Processing Multiple processors work together to complete a set of instructions Control CPU CPU 01 CPU 02 Answer

16. Central Processing Unit Dual-Core A dual-core CPU combines two independent processors and their respective caches and cache controllers onto a single silicon chip

17. Central Processing Unit Dual-Core

18. Dual-Core Advantages Less Power Less Space Better Performance

19. Central Processing Unit Dual-Core Disadvantages Require Different OS Scalability more limited Lower production yields

20. Central Processing Unit INTELAMDTRANSMETAMOTOROLA

21. INTEL

22. AMD

23. TRANSMETA

24. MOTOROLA & IBM

25. Central Processing Unit Questions

26. Assignment 01 Explain the difference between the Intel Dual-Core and AMD Dual-Core CPUS. What makes them different. Double-Spaced, 12pt Font, w/References Due: Wed Sept 7 th