1. PPA786: Urban Policy Class 1: Introduction

2. Urban Policy: Introduction Class Outline ▫Review Course Requirements and Readings ▫Introduce Census Urban Geography

3. Urban Policy: Introduction

9. Course Outline ▫Introduction  Evaluation of social programs ▫Housing  Basic analytical tools  Housing problems and housing policy ▫Discrimination and Segregation ▫Concentrated Poverty and Welfare Programs ▫Employment and Economic Development

10. Urban Policy: Introduction Course Requirements ▫1. Case Studies  Participate in discussions  Write memo ▫2. City Journal  Essays on topics in the class  Turned in twice; three entries in all ▫3. Policy Summit  Group presentation  Policy memo

11. Urban Policy: Introduction Alternative Definitions of “Urban” ▫Common Usage  Urban = large city (and perhaps its inner suburbs)  Defined as governmental units ▫Census Definition (explored below)  Urban = metropolitan = large cities, their counties, and the counties that are linked to them ▫Analytical Definition  Urban = place with relatively high population density

12. Urban Policy: Introduction Census Geographic Units Region ▫Division  State  County ▫County subdivision ▫Place (or part) ▫Census tract (or part) ◦Block group (or part) ◦Census block

13. Urban Policy: Introduction Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) ▫A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) combines a large population nucleus with adjacent counties that have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus. ▫Each MA must contain either a place with a minimum population of 50,000 or a U.S. Census Bureau-defined urbanized area and a total MA population of at least 100,000.

14. Urban Policy: Introduction Micropolitan Statistical Area ▫A micropolitan statistical area is a mini MSA. ▫It must have a central place with a population between 10,000 and 50,000.

15. Urban Policy: Introduction Consolidated and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA and PMSA) ▫If an MSA has 1 million people or more, two or more primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) may be defined within it. ▫Each PMSA consists of a large urbanized county or cluster of counties that demonstrate strong economic and social links to other portions of the larger area. ▫When PMSAs are established, the larger MSA of which they are component parts is designated a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA).

16. Urban Policy: Introduction Central City ▫In each MSA, PMSA, and CMSA, the largest place and, in some cases, one or more additional places are designated as ‘‘central cities.’’ ▫The largest central city and, in some cases, up to two additional central cities, are included in the title of the MSA.

17. Urban Policy: Introduction Urbanized Area (UA) ▫An urbanized area (UA) consists of densely settled territory that contains 50,000 or more people. ▫ The U.S. Census Bureau delineates UAs to provide a better separation of urban and rural territory, population, and housing in the vicinity of large places. ▫This is closest to analytical definition, but it is not used for most types of data.

18. Urban Policy: Introduction Census Tract ▫Census tracts are small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county or statistically equivalent entity delineated by local participants. ▫The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of decennial census data, but their boundaries sometimes change. ▫Census tracts generally have between 1,500 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000.

19. Urban Policy: Introduction Census Block ▫Census blocks are areas bounded on all sides by visible features, such as streets, or by invisible boundaries, such as city limits. ▫Generally, census blocks are small in area; for example, a block bounded by city streets. However, census blocks in sparsely settled areas may contain many square miles of territory.

20. Urban Policy: Introduction Other Terms ▫A ‘‘metropolitan area’’ (MA) is either an MSA, a CMSA, or a PMSA. ▫A “core-based statistical area’’ (CBSA) is either an MSA or a micropolitan statistical areas. ▫A “census block group” is just what it sounds like—an intermediate geography between census blocks and census tracts.

21. Urban Policy: Introduction

23. Number of Metropolitan Areas ▫As of December 2009, there were  366 MSAs and 576 micropolitan statistical areas in the United States  In addition, there were 8 MSAs and 5 micropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico.

24. Urban Policy: Introduction

25. Characteristics of the Largest Metropolitan Areas, 2010 Race (Percent) AreaPopulation Income Per Capita Poverty Rate in Central CityWhiteBlackOther Percent Hispanic New York18,897,109 $52,03718.759.217.823.122.9 Los Angeles12,828,837 $42,78419.852.87.140.244.4 Chicago9,461,105 $44,37921.665.417.417.220.7 Dallas6,371,773 $41,76423.265.315.119.627.5 Philadelphia5,965,343 $46,07525.068.220.811.07.8 Houston5,946,800 $46,57020.660.217.222.535.3 Washington5,582,170 $56,98418.454.825.819.413.8 Miami5,564,635 $42,76426.570.321.08.641.6 Atlanta5,268,860 $37,10122.555.432.412.210.4 Boston4,552,402 $53,55316.978.87.313.99.0 San Francisco4,335,391 $59,99311.651.78.439.921.7 Detroit4,296,250 $37,92736.470.122.87.13.9 Riverside4,224,851 $29,68015.158.97.633.547.3 Phoenix4,192,887 $34,45221.173.05.022.129.5 Seattle3,439,809 $50,37810.671.95.622.59.0 New Orleans (46th)1,167,764 $23,47523.858.234.07.87.9 Syracuse (80th)662,577 $36,83331.785.58.16.53.4