3. Chemical Reaction in Living Things  Energy Conversion  Reactants (substances needed)  Products (new substances created) Energy of Photosynthesis  Energy of Sunlight to the energy of food (sugar)  Light Energy to Chemical Energy  Making Food From Sunlight Reactants of Photosynthesis  Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  Water (H 2 O) Products of Photosynthesis  Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )  Oxygen (O 2 )

4. + Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 0) Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) + Light energy Chlorophyll & enzymes

5. Step #1: Light Reactions Location: Chloroplast (Grana) Step #2: Dark Reactions Location: Chloroplast (stroma) ATP & NADPH Water (H 2 0) Oxygen (O 2 ) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) chlorophyll +

6. Occurs in the Chloroplast Chlorophyll and Enzymes are Needed Occurs in Autotrophs  Plants  Some Protists  Some Bacteria

10. Releasing Energy From Sugar (glucose) Converting Energy in Food to the Only Form of Energy that a Living Cell Can Use Directly The Only Form of “Living Energy” That Can Be Used Directly is ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Respiration Can Occur With Oxygen (aerobic) or Without Oxygen (Fermentation )

11. Chemical Reaction in Living Things  Energy Conversion  Reactants (substances needed)  Products (new substances created) Energy of Respiration  Energy of food to the energy of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)  Chemical Energy to “Living” Energy (used immediately)  Releasing Energy from Food to Remain Living & Carry Out Necessary Life Functions Reactants of Respiration  Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )  Oxygen (O 2 ) Products of Respiration  Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  Water (H 2 O)

12. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) ++ Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 0) 36 ATP enzymes Aerobic Respiration (Respiration with Oxygen)

13. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Step 1: Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) Pyruvic acid Step 2 & 3: Kreb’s Cycle & Electron Transport Chain (in mitochondrion) 2 ATP 34 ATP + Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 0)

14. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Step 1: Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) Pyruvic acid 2 ATP Step 2: Fermentation (in cytoplasm) + Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Ethyl Alcohol (C 2 H 5 OH) Lactic Acid (C 3 H 6 O 3 ) Animal cells Plant & Fungi cells

15. Occurs in the Cytoplasm (fermentation) & Mitochondria (aerobic respiration) Enzymes are Needed Occurs in ALL LIVING THINGS Autotrophs & Heterotrophs Bacteria (Prokaryotes), Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

17. Releases: carbon dioxide, water Organelle: chloroplast Function: photosynthesis Releases: glucose, oxygen Needs: carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll Organelle: mitochondria Function: aerobic respiration Needs: oxygen, glucose, enzymes Energy: light energy Energy: ATP

18. reactants: O 2 & glucose products: CO 2 & water enzymes: needed energy released: 36 ATP organelle: mitochondria step #1: glycolysis step #2: Kreb’s cycle Step #3: electron transport chain equation: O 2 + glucose --> CO 2 + water reactants: glucose only products: lactic acid or CO 2 & alcohol enzymes: needed energy released: 2 ATP organelle: cytoplasm step #1: glycolysis step #2: fermentation equation: glucose --> C 3 H 6 O 3 or CO 2 + alcohol reactants: CO 2 & water products: O 2 & glucose enzymes: chlorophyll energy absorbed: sunlight, ATP, NADPH organelle: chloroplast step #1: light reactions step #2: dark reactions equation: CO 2 + water --> O 2 + glucose Aerobic RespirationAnaerobic RespirationPhotosynthesis