1. Chemistry Notes 11/17 Introduction to Chemical Equations

2. What is a chemical reaction? A chemical reaction occurs any time we have a rearrangement of the ways in which atoms are grouped. Since we cannot directly observe this rearrangement (atoms and compounds are too small), we need to look for evidence of the chemical change…

3. Evidence of a chemical reaction

4. Evidence for a chemical reaction Color change (except from dilution or color mixing) Temperature change (except when caused by external heating or cooling) Formation/release of a gas (except due to physical changes such as boiling) Formation of a solid precipitate when mixing two liquid solutions

5. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products

6. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products Reactants: chemicals present before the reaction

7. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products Reactants: chemicals present before the reaction Products: chemicals formed by the reaction

8. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products Reactants: chemicals present before the reaction Products: chemicals formed by the reaction Arrow (  ): shows direction of change; read as “yields” or “produces”

9. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products Reactants: chemicals present before the reaction Products: chemicals formed by the reaction Arrow (  ): shows direction of change; read as “yields or produces” EXAMPLE: the reaction equation for methane and oxygen would be: CH 4 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

10. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products Reactants: chemicals present before the reaction Products: chemicals formed by the reaction Arrow (  ): shows direction of change; read as “yields or produces” EXAMPLE: the reaction equation for methane and oxygen would be: carbon methane oxygen dioxide water CH 4 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

11. How do we represent a chemical reaction? reactants  products Reactants: chemicals present before the reaction Products: chemicals formed by the reaction Arrow (  ): shows direction of change; read as “yields or produces” EXAMPLE: the reaction equation for methane and oxygen would be: carbon methane oxygen dioxide water CH 4 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O reactants products

12. Special symbols (l) The chemical is a liquid.

13. Special symbols (l) The chemical is a liquid. (s) The chemical is a solid.

14. Special symbols (l) The chemical is a liquid. (s) The chemical is a solid. (g) The chemical is a gas.

15. Special symbols (l) The chemical is a liquid. (s) The chemical is a solid. (g) The chemical is a gas. (aq) The chemical is aqueous (dissolved in water).

16. Special symbols (l) The chemical is a liquid. (s) The chemical is a solid. (g) The chemical is a gas. (aq) The chemical is aqueous (dissolved in water). Δ: written above an arrow, it indicates that heat needs to be added to the reagents for them to react.

17. Special symbols (l) The chemical is a liquid. (s) The chemical is a solid. (g) The chemical is a gas. (aq) The chemical is aqueous (dissolved in water). Δ: written above an arrow, it indicates that heat needs to be added to the reagents for them to react. CH 4 (g) + O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)

18. Examples/Practice Write a chemical equation for the following reactions: 1.Solid mercury (II) oxide decomposes to produce liquid mercury metal and gaseous oxygen. 2.Solid zinc is added to an aqueous solution containing dissolved hydrogen chloride to produce gaseous hydrogen and zinc chloride dissolved in water

19. Classwork/Homework In textbook on p. 166-167: #7-12, 15, 22