1. Gerunds & Infinitives Unit 9 Grammar Forms & Functions 3

2. Correct. Gerunds are singular, so don’t add “-s.” Incorrect. Gerunds are singular, so don’t add “-s.” Correct. Single gerund subjects take a singular verb. Incorrect. Single gerund subjects take a singular verb. Correct. “Painting” is the subject (gerund – verb + ing). Incorrect. This is an incomplete sentence. Gerunds as Subjects & Objects Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide.

3. Correct. Need a verb in front of the gerund object. Incorrect. Need a verb in front of the gerund object. Incorrect. “Are running” is the present progressive verb (not a gerund). Correct. “Are running” is the present progressive verb (not a gerund). Correct. Two or more gerunds as subjects create a plural subject and take a plural verb. Incorrect. Two or more gerunds as subjects create a plural subject and take a plural verb. Gerunds as Subjects & Objects Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide.

4. Correct. The verb is simple present, which is fine, and the gerund is in the prepositional phrase. Incorrect. Present progessive verbs (are looking) require a “be” verb with it. Correct. You can use a gerund in a prepositional phrase, but not a verb (learn). Incorrect. You can use a gerund in a prepositional phrase, but not a verb (learn). Both are correct. You can have a gerund as the object of a preposition. Gerunds as objects of prepositions Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide.

5. Correct. Usually put a gerund after the phrase “have difficulty.” Incorrect. Usually put a gerund after the phrase “have difficulty.” Correct. Need a gerund usually after the phrase “it’s not worth.” Incorrect. Need a gerund usually after the phrase “it’s not worth.” Correct. Often use a gerund after “can’t stand.” Incorrect. After “can’t stand” I could have put the infinitive “to wait,” but not the verb “wait.” Gerunds after common expressions Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide.

6. Incorrect. Sometimes can have an object after the verb and before the infinitive “to stay.” Correct. Sometimes can have an object after the verb and before the infinitive “to stay.” Incorrect. “Everybody” takes a singular verb. “To succeed” is the infinitive after the verb. Correct. “Everybody” takes a singular verb. “To succeed” is the infinitive after the verb. Correct. Need an infinitive (to look) after the verb, not a verb (look). Incorrect. Need an infinitive (to look) after the verb, not a verb (look). Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide. Incorrect. Try again.

7. Correct. See other answers. Incorrect. Can use the infinitive “to go” or the gerund “going,” but not the verb “go.” Correct. Can use the infinitive “to go” or the gerund “going,” but not the verb “go.” Correct. Remember that an infinitive is “to” + base verb. Incorrect. Remember that an infinitive is “to” + base verb. Both are correct. Can use a gerund or infinitive after some verbs. Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide. Incorrect. Try again.

8. Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns AdjectiveInfinitive He waspleasedto seeme. We weredisappointedto hearthe news. **Infinitives can come after some adjectives. Usually the adjective describes a feeling or attitude. Noun/Indefinite Pronoun Infinitive Do you haveanythingto read? I have somelettersto write. **Infinitives can come after nouns or indefinite pronouns like “everybody” or “anything.” **Infinitives after a noun often mean an obligation or necessity. **Use “for” + noun/indefinite pronoun to show who the infinitive refers to.

9. Correct. “Willing” is the adjective after the “be” verb and we often use infinitives after “willing.” Incorrect. This sentence is an incomplete sentence. It doesn’t have any verb. Correct. “To visit” is an infinitive and infinitives often follow the word “afraid.” Incorrect. “Of visit” is not an infinitive. Could have “afraid of visiting” since “visiting” is a gerund. Correct. Need “for” in front of the noun “James.” Incorrect. Need “for” in front of the noun “James.” Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide. Incorrect. Try again.

10. Correct. “To go” is the infinitive after the indefinite pronoun “everyone.” Incorrect. Need an infinitive after “everyone.” Correct. We often use an infinitive after “determined.” Incorrect. I can use the gerund “studying,” but the sentence is incomplete. “Studying harder” would what? Correct. The infinitive after the noun means that it is necessary for me to leave now or that I should leave now. Incorrect. This sentence is incomplete because it is missing a verb. Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide. Incorrect. Try again.

11. “Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives SubjectVerbToo + Adjective/ Adverb For + Object Infinitive Itistoo coldfor the boysto go to the beach. Hespoketoo quicklyfor meto understand. **Use “too” for a negative meaning. **”Very” means to a great degree.

12. Correct. See other answers. Incorrect. This sentence is missing “to” in front of “get” so it doesn’t have an infinitive. ALSO, “too” should be in front of the adverb “much.” Correct. “Very much” explains her strong desire to play. Incorrect. “Too” should be “very” in this sentence. Correct. “Too” means that I can’t help you. Incorrect. This sentence is mostly positive. Correct. We often use an infinitive after “determined.” “Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide. Incorrect. Try again.

13. “Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives SubjectVerbAdjective/ Adverb + Enough For + Object Infinitive Sheisold enoughto go. Hespokeloudly enoughfor usto understand. **”Enough” in a positive sentence has a positive meaning – implies there is as much of something as needed. **”Enough” in a negative sentence has a negative meaning – means there is less than necessary or less than wanted. SubjectVerbEnough + NounFor + Object Infinitive Thereisn‘tenough timefor themto finish. Wehaveenough moneyto buy the CDs. **”Enough” usually comes before the noun. However, sometimes in formal English, enough comes after the noun. For example: **There is time enough. (formal) **There is enough time. (informal)

14. Correct. “Enough” is after the adjective “warm” and is followed by the infinitive “to drink.” Incorrect. “Enough” should be after the adjective “warm.” Correct. “Enough” comes in front of the noun “time” and is followed by the infinitive “to play.” Incorrect. This sentence is missing the “to” in front of “play.” Incorrect. The infinitive comes after “enough” which comes after the adjective “old.” Incorrect. “Enough” should be after the adjective “old.” “Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Click to go to next slide. Click to go to next slide. Incorrect. Try again.

15. Showing Purpose Infinitives to Show Purpose“in order to” + base verb I am saving to buy a new car.I am saving in order to buy a new car. You should leave your office early to not be late to the meeting. You should leave your office early in order not to be late to the meeting. (formal) You should leave early so you won’t be late. (informal) Infinitives to Show Purpose“for” + object I am saving to buy a new car.I am saving for a new car. Sarah went to the pharmacy to buy some medicine. Sarah went to the pharmacy for some medicine.

16. Correct. See other answers. Both are correct. “For” shows the purpose of his trip to Los Angeles. Both are correct. “To buy” shows the purpose of his trip to Los Angeles. Correct. See other answers. Correct. The base verb “get” comes after “in order not to.” Incorrect. This sentence is missing “to” in front of “get.” Incorrect. Try again. Both are correct. Infinitives can show purpose and “in order to” + base verb can show purpose. Showing Purpose Click on the correct sentence. Click to end show. Click to end show.